Chapter 4

Question 1

What is energy?

Answer 1

The ability to work

Question 2

Examples of Energy:

Answer 2

Light, heat, electricity, and chemical energy in molecules

Question 3

What makes up adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 3

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphates groups

Question 4

How do you change ATP to ADP?

Answer 4

Remove one phosphate group

Question 5

How do cells store energy?

Answer 5

By adding a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP

Question 6

Where is energy stored?

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

Organisms what use energy from the sun to make their own food (sugars)

Answer 7

Autotrophs

Question 8

Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things

Answer 8

Heterotrophs

Question 9

The process where plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

Answer 9

Photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide + Water + Light Energy -> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 11

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Light Energy

Question 12

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Glucose and Oxygen

Question 13

How do plants capture energy from the sun?

Answer 13

Chlorophyll

Question 14

Why are leaves green?

Answer 14

Chlorophylls absorb all wavelengths in sunlight except green, which is reflected.

Question 15

Why are objects white?

Answer 15

They reflect all light

Question 16

Why are objects black?

Answer 16

They reflect no light

Question 17

What are chlorophylls in?

Answer 17

Chloroplasts (specificly thylacoids)

Question 18

What are flattened sacs found in chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Thylakoids

Question 19

What is the fluid portion of the chloroplasts outside of the thylakoids

Answer 19

Stroma

Question 20

What are the stacks of thylakoids?

Answer 20

Granum (Grana)

Question 21

What special “carrier” does electrons with high energy produced by chlorophyll need to transfer them to another molecule

Answer 21

NADP+

Question 22

What does NADP+ form when it combines 2e- and H+. It carries the high energy electrons produced by light absorption in chlorophyll to chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell.

Answer 22

NADPH

Question 23

part of photosynthesis that need light

Answer 23

Light Dependent Reactions

Question 24

part of photosynthesis that doesn’t need light

Answer 24

Light Independent Reactions

Question 25

Used in light dependent reactions and absorbs light energy and produces high energy electrons.

Answer 25

Photosystem II

Question 26

Used in light dependent reactions and it is a series of membrane proteins that shuttle high energy electrons along thylakoid membrane. They transfer electrons to NADP+, producing NADPH.

Answer 26

Electron Transport Chain

Question 27

Used in light dependent reactions where electrons are reenergized.

Answer 27

Photosystem I

Question 28

Used in light dependent reactions and is the difference in charge and H+ ion concentration across the membrane. Thylakoid provides the energy to make ATP.

Answer 28

Hydrogen Ion Movement/ATP Formation

Question 29

What is the path electrons take in light dependent reactions?

Answer 29

Photosystem II -> Electron Transport Chain -> Photosystem I -> Electron Transport Chain ->Hydrogen Ion Movement/ATP Formation

Question 30

Where do light independent reactions occur

Answer 30

Stroma

Question 31

Where does light independent reactions get their energy

Answer 31

Light dependent reactions

Question 32

Where does glucose go after being converted by CO2 in light independent reactions

Answer 32

It leaves the chloroplast

Question 33

What is ATP converted to in light independent reactions

Answer 33

ADP

Question 34

What is NADPH converted to in light independent reactions

Answer 34

NADP+

Question 35

What's the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 35

The rotation of carbon molecules to make sugar during light independent reactions

Question 36

What's the path carbon takes in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 36

6 carbon dioxide molecules from the atmosphere combine with 6 5-carbon molecules. This produces 12 3-cabron compounds. Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to convert 2 of the 3-carbon molecules to make one glucose. The remaining 10 3-carbon molecules are converted back into 6 5-carbon forms to be used again. ADP and NADP+ is brought back to light dependent reactions to be used.

Question 37

What do light dependent reactions produce

Answer 37

ATP and NADP+

Question 38

What do light independent reactions produce

Answer 38

Glucose, ADP, and NADP+

Question 39

Do light dependent and light independent reactions happen independent of each other.

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

What are some factors that affect photosynthesis?

Answer 40

temperature, light intensity, availability of water, and pH

Question 41

Do plants adapt to their surroundings

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

What does stomata do?

Answer 42

Let things in and out a plant