Chapter 6 Flashcards
Describe the Griffith’s Experiment
He gave rats disease causing bacteria, and it died. Harmless bacteria, and it lived. Heat killed disease causing bacteria, and it lived. Combined heat killed disease causing bacteria with harmless bacteria, and it died.
What did Griffith’s Experiments prove?
How bacteria can move between DNA
What kind of virus infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
What was Hershey and Chase’s Experiments?
They let Bacteriophage infect bacteria with radioactive phosphorus in the Bacteriophage’s DNA, then radioactive sulfur in it’s protein coat. Radioactivity happened when the DNA was radioactive and not radioactive when the protein coat was radioactive.
portions of DNA that code for a specific trait
Genes
What are the functions of DNA?
Storing genetic information, copying itself, and putting genetic information to work.
What makes up nucleotides?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose (sugar), and nitrogenous base.
Name the 4 Nitrogenous Bases
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
What type of bond bonds the nitrogenous bases and holds together DNA?
Hydrogen Bonds
Adenine bonds with ___
Thymine
Cytosine bonds with ___
Guanine
___ found that DNA is a double helix and made the first DNA model
Watson and Crick
Two strands of DNA wrapping around each other in opposite directions
Antiparallel
What is DNA Replication
making one DNA into two
Two identical DNA molecules each having one of the original strands
Semiconservative
What did Hershey and Chase’s experiment prove?
That DNA transmits genetic information
Which scientist studied x-rays of DNA and found out DNA is a helix?
Franklin
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus
Why are people different if our DNA structure is the same?
Our DNA all has different genetic information in it
What is the shape of DNA? What does that mean?
DNA is a double helix, meaning it has two spiraling, antiparallel strands
What are the steps of DNA replication?
Helicase and Polymerase
What does helicase do in DNA replication?
Helicase breaks the DNA apart into two strands
What does polymerase do in DNA replication?
Polymerase matches a new nitrogenous base with the preexisting nitrogenous bases
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA
Prokaryotes have one circular DNA while eukaryotes have multiple DNA’s.
