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Freshman Biology I H > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Food molecules contain ___ that is released when their chemical bonds are broken.

A

chemical energy

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2
Q

What unit is energy stored in food expressed as?

A

Calories

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3
Q

Carbohydrates and proteins have ___ Calories of energy per gram

A

4

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4
Q

Fats contain ___ Calories of energy per gram

A

9

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5
Q

How do you calculate calories?

A

Multiply the amount of carbohydrate grams and protein grams by 4, multiply the amount of fat grams by 9, and add them all together.

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6
Q

The process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

A

Cellular Respiration

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7
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen + Glucose -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

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8
Q

What are the reactants in cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen and Glucose

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9
Q

What are the products of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP

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10
Q

___ and ___ are thought as opposite processes because one takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while the other takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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11
Q

What are the stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

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12
Q

pathways that require oxygen

A

Aerobic

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13
Q

pathways that don’t require oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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14
Q

What happens in glycolysis?

A

Glucose enters the cytoplasm and gets split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. This produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH, and the pyruvic acids move to the Krebs Cycle.

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15
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic

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16
Q

What happens in the Krebs cycle?

A

Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrial matrix, and one carbon atom is removed producing CO2, while the other 2 carbons rearrange with another molecule to form citric acid. This citric acid is then broken down so more CO2 is released. The electrons are transferred to the energy carriers NADH and FADH2. This produces 2 ATP.

17
Q

What is the Krebs cycle also called?

A

The Citric Acid Cycle

18
Q

Is the Krebs cycle aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

19
Q

What happens in the electron transport chain?

A

Products from the Krebs cycle and glycolysis go here in the mitochondrial christae. It uses high energy electrons to synthesize ATP from ADP (chemiosmosis), and the oxygen combines with H ions to produce water.

20
Q

Is the electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

21
Q

How much ATP does glycolysis produce?

A

2

22
Q

How much ATP does the Krebs Cycle produce?

A

2

23
Q

How much ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

A

32

24
Q

How much ATP does cellular respiration produce per molecule of glucose?

A

36

25
Q

What process does cellular respiration use when there is oxygen?

A

The Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain

26
Q

What process does cellular respiration use when there is no oxygen?

A

Fermentation

27
Q

What is fermentation?

A

It releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP without oxygen

28
Q

What is the equation for alcohol fermentation.

A

Pyruvic Acid + NADH -> Ethyl Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

29
Q

What fermentatoin does Yeast use?

A

Alcohol Fermentation

30
Q

What is the formula for lactic acid fermentation?

A

Pyruvic Acid + NADH -> Lactic Acid + NAD+

31
Q

Do most organisms use lactic acid fermentation when carrying out fermentation?

A

Yes

32
Q

What does your body use for short, quick bursts of energy?

A

Your body uses ATP already in the muscles and ATP made by lactic acid fermentation.

33
Q

What does your body use for longer exercise (< 90 minutes)

A

Cellular respiration

34
Q

Remaining energy from cellular respiration is released as ___.

A

Heat

35
Q

Where does fermentation take place?

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

Aerobic respiration’s range of ATP created is ___.

A

30-38

37
Q

Anaerobic respiration’s range of ATP created is ___.

A

2-4

Freshman Biology I H (7 decks)

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