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Psychology 101 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Activation of the sense organ

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2
Q

Perception

A

Brain sorts out stimuli

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3
Q

Stimulus

A

Energy that produces a response

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4
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Turning down responses

Decline in sensitivity

Inability of the sensory nerves to fire off messages

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5
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Smallest intensity of a stimulus

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6
Q

Retina

A

Converts electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses

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7
Q

Rods

A

Thin cylinders receptors sensitive to light

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8
Q

Sound

A

Movement of air molecules with vibration

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9
Q

Balance

A

Contains semicircular canals: three tube like structures of the inner ear contain fluid that moves with the head

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10
Q

Smell

A

Olfaction

Is activated when molecules of a substance enter the nasal passages

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11
Q

Taste

A

Gestation

Responds to basic stimuli

Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Umami (food with amino acids)

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12
Q

Psychophysics

A

Physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them

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13
Q

Skin senses

A

Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

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14
Q

Gestalt Organization

A

Series of principles that describe how we organize bits of information

Remember broken triangle

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15
Q

Learning

A

Change in behavior brought about by experience

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16
Q

Habituation

A

Decrease in response to a stimulus

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17
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one

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18
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Learning in which a response is strengthened or weakened

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19
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A

A stimulus that initially does not produce a response

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20
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A

A stimulus that automatically triggers a natural response

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21
Q

Unconditioned Response

A

A unlearned reaction to a stimulus

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22
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

A former natural stimulus, that becomes a learned response

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23
Q

Conditioned Response

A

A behavior that does not come naturally

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24
Q

Extinction

A

A conditioned responses that decreases frequently

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25
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

reemergence of a extinguished response

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26
Q

Punishment

A

Stimulus that decreases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again

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27
Q

Reinforcement

A

A stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated

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28
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response

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29
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Unpleasant stimulus when remove brings about a former response

30
Q

Positive punishment

A

Addition

Weakens a response through the application of a unpleasant stimulus

31
Q

Negative punishment

A

Removal

Weakens a response through the removal of something pleasant

32
Q

Observational learning - Imitation

A

Learning by observing the behavior of another person

33
Q

The bobo doll experiment

A

Albert Bandura

Social cognitive approach

34
Q

Memory

A

Process by which we encode store and retrieve information

35
Q

Encoding

A

Putting information into memory

36
Q

Storage

A

information is stored in memory

37
Q

Retrieval

A

Recovering information in memory

38
Q

Sensory memory

A

Storage of memory last only an instant

39
Q

Iconic memory

A

Reflects memory from the visual system

40
Q

Echoic memory

A

Stores auditory memory

41
Q

Short term memory

A

Holds information for 15-25 seconds

Stores according to meaning

42
Q

Long term memory

A

Stores information on a permanent basis

43
Q

Working memory

A

Holds information while rehearsing that information

44
Q

Chunk

A

Grouping of information that can be stored in short term memory

PBS FOX

45
Q

Rehearsal

A

Repetition of information

46
Q

Rule 7 +- 2

A
47
Q

Serial position effect

A
48
Q

Primacy effect

A

Remembering a chunk in the beginning of sequence

49
Q

Recency effect

A

Remembering a chunk at the the end of a sequence

50
Q

Declarative memory

A

For factual information

51
Q

Semantic memory

A

For general knowledge

52
Q

Procedural memory

A

For skills and habits

53
Q

Episodic memory

A

For events that occur in a particular time

54
Q

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

A

Inability to recall information that one realizes one knows

55
Q

Recall

A

Remember a specific piece of information

56
Q

Recognition

A

Recognizing a stimulus that one has previously been exposed too

57
Q

Explicit memory

A

Intentional recollection of information

58
Q

Implicit memory

A

Memories of which people are not consciously aware

59
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Memories related to a specific and vivid event

60
Q

Autobiographical memory

A
61
Q

Decay

A

Loss of information through no use

62
Q

Interference

A

Information in memory disrupts the recall of other information

63
Q

Proactive interference

A

Information learned earlier disrupts the learning of new information

64
Q

Retroactive interference

A

Material learned disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier

65
Q

Amnesia

A

Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties

66
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Progressive pain disorder that leads to impaired active abilities

67
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Memory is loss for occurrences prior to a certain event

68
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Memory is lost for event usually followed a injury

69
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Afflicts long term alcoholics, includes hallucinations

70
Q

Improving memory

A
71
Q

Memory process

A
72
Q

Sensation and perception

A

Psychology 101 (13 decks)

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