Chapter 10

Question 1

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 1

Unconscious forces act as determinants of personality

Sigmund Freud

Question 1

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 1

Assume that personality is primarily
unconscious

Question 2

Id

Answer 2

• Sole purpose is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses

Question 3

Ego

Answer 3

Part of the personality that provides a buffer between the id and the
realities of the objective, outside world

Question 4

Super Ego

Answer 4

Personality structure that harshly judges the morality of our behavior

Question 5

Psychosexual stages

Answer 5

Developmental periods that children pass through during
which they encounter conflicts between the demands of society and their own
sexual urges

Question 6

Fixations

Answer 6

Concerns or conflicts that persist beyond the developmental period in
which they first occur

Question 7

Oedipal conflict

Answer 7

Child’s sexual interest in his or her opposite-sex parent,
typically resolved through identification with the same-sex parent

Question 8

Identification

Answer 8

Process of wanting to be like another person

Question 9

Behavioral perspective

Answer 9

B.F. Skinner - Personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns

Question 10

Humanistic Approach

Answer 10

Emphasizes the people’s need for goodness and the desire to achieve higher levels of functioning

Question 11

Trait theory

Answer 11

Model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality

Question 12

Unconscious

Answer 12

Part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings, urges, drives, and instincts of which the individual is not aware

Question 13

Defense mechanisms

Answer 13

Unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by distorting reality and concealing the source of the anxiety from themselves

Question 14

Jung’s Collective unconscious

Answer 14

Inherited set of ideas, feelings, images, and symbols that are shared with all humans because of our common ancestral past

Question 15

Archetypes

Answer 15

Universal symbolic representations of particular types of people, objects, ideas, or experiences

Question 16

Temperament

Answer 16

Individuals behavioral style and characteristic way of responding that emerges early in life

Question 17

Self-Actualization

Answer 17

State of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential, each in a unique way

Question 18

Horney’s neo-Freudian Perspective

Answer 18

Suggest that personality develops in the context of social relationships

Question 19

Alfred Adler

Answer 19

Proposed that the primary human motivation is striving for superiority in a quest for self-improvement and perfection

Question 20

Erik Erikson and Anna Freud

Answer 20

Focused on the social and cultural factors behind personality

Question 21

OCEAN

Answer 21

Openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Extraversion