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Psychology 101 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Social psychology

A

Scientific study of how peoples thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others

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2
Q

Persuasion

A

Changing attitudes

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3
Q

Attitudes

A

Evaluations of a person, behavior, belief,or concept

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4
Q

Central route processing

A

Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade

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5
Q

Peripheral route processing

A

Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors

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6
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts

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7
Q

Festinger’s (1957) classic cognitive dissonance study: the boring task

A

explains how people are motivated to change their behaviors when they experience conflict between their thoughts or actions

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8
Q

Social cognition

A

The cognitive process by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves

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9
Q

Schemas

A

Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences

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10
Q

Impression formation

A

Process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall impression of that person

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11
Q

Central traits

A

Major traits considered in forming impressions of others

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12
Q

Attribution processes

A

Understanding the causes of behavior

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13
Q

Attribution theory

A

Considers how we decide, what the specific causes of that behavior are

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14
Q

Situational causes of behavior

A

Causes of behavior that are external to a person

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15
Q

Dispositional causes of behavior

A

Causes of behavior brought about by a person’s traits or personality characteristics

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16
Q

Halo effect

A

Phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics

17
Q

Assumed-similarity bias

A

Tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself even when meeting them for the first time

18
Q

Self-Serving bias

A

Tendency to attribute success to personal factors and failure to factors outside oneself

19
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to over attribute others behavior and minimize the importance of situational causes

20
Q

Behavioral economics

A

How individuals’ biases and irrationality affect economic
decisions

21
Q

Social influence

A

Social groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either
deliberately or unintentionally

22
Q

Conformity

A

A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or
standards of other people

23
Q

Social supporter

A

Group member whose dissenting views make nonconformity to the
group easier

24
Q

Group think

A

Type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus
that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view

25
Q

Entrapment

A

Circumstance in which commitments to a failing point of view or course of
action are increased to justify investments in time and energy that have already been
made

26
Q

Philip Zimbardo

A

Guards vs Prisoners experiment

27
Q

Compliance

A

Submitting to Direct Social Pressure

28
Q

Industrial/organizational psychology

A

Focuses on work- and job-related issues

29
Q

Obedience

A

A change in behavior in response to the commands of others

30
Q

Stereotype

A

Set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members

31
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members

32
Q

Discrimination

A

Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a
particular group

33
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy:

A

expectations about the occurrence of a future event or behavior that act
to increase the likelihood the event or behavior will occur

34
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Viewing the world from their own perspective and judging others in terms
of their group membership

35
Q

Social neuroscience

A

Seeks to identify the neural basis of social behavior

36
Q

Amygdala

A

Amygdala: Highly responsive to threatening, unusual, or highly arousing stimuli

37
Q

The Implicit Association Test

A

Measure of prejudice that permits a more accurate assessment of people’s discrimination
between members of different groups

Psychology 101 (13 decks)

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