Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Psychology?
Study of behavior and mental processes
What is Structuralism?
describe the structure of the mind, with a focus on consciences
Who founded structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is Introspection
A tactic where a patient is told to describe something in detail while being exposed to stimuli
What is Functionalism?
Concentrated on what the mind does and how people adapt to their environments
Who founded Functionalism?
William James
What is Gestalt Psychology?
Focuses on thinking as a whole sense rather than individually
Who founded Gestalt Psychology?
Hermann Ebbinghuas, Max Wertheimer
Name the 5 Perspectives
Neuroscience, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic
Neuroscience Perspective
Views behavior from the perspective of the brain, and the nervous system
Psychodynamic Perspective
Tackles things that people cannot control ( tends to blame mothers)
Who is key in psychodynamic perspective?
Sigmund Freud
Behavioral perspective
Observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study
Who is responsible for behavioral perspective?
John B. Watson , B. F. Skinner
Cognitive perspective
Focus on how people think, and know about the world
Humanisitc Perspective
Says people want to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives
Who founded the humanistic perspective
Carl Rodgers
Free Will
Idea the behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely
Determinism
Idea that peoples behaviors is caused by factors outside their control
What is the Scientific Method?
Approach in which one acquires knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena
Steps in the scientific method?
- Pose a question
- Formulate a explanation, develop a hypothesis
- carry out research and analyze the data
- Show Findings
Hypothesis
A prediction, stemming from a theory
Archival Research
Past data used to test hypothesis
Survey Research
People are asked a serious of questions about their behavior, thoughts, or attitudes
Case Study
In-depth, investigation of a individual or a small group
Independent Variable
The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter
Experimental Group
Any group in a experiment that receives a treatment
Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured
Control group
Group participating in a experiment that receives no treatment
Ph.D vs psy.D
PhD - Research
Psy D - Treatment
Psychology Family Tree
Neuroscience , Counseling,
Psychodynamic,
Health
