Midterm Flashcards
Stop (manner)
: consonant completely cuts off the airflow through the mouth. example [t], [d], and [n]
Fricatives (manner)
the articulators involved in the constriction approach get close enough to each other to create a turbulent airstream. The fricatives of English are [f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], and [ʒ]
Affricate (manner)
a single sound composed of a stop portion and a fricative portion. [tʃ]
Laterals (manner)
Pay attention to what you are doing with your tongue when you say the first consonant of [lif] leaf. Your tongue tip is touching your alveolar ridge (or perhaps your upper teeth), but this doesn’t make [l] a stop. Air is still flowing during an [l] because the side of your tongue has dropped down and left an opening
Nasals (manner)
are the only sounds produced with an open velopharyngeal port so that the sound energy comes through the nose opposed to the mouth. [m], [n]
Glides (manner)
occur when the articulatory posture changes gradually from consonant to vowel. [w], [j]
Liquids (manner)
include /r/ and /l/ and are produced with an open vocal tract and are thus considered vowel-like consonants.
Etiology
causes for disease or condition
Congenital
disease present from birth
genetic
refers to heredity. condition is inherited from parents.
Hereditary
Condition is inherited from parents. Genetic
Idiopathic
Disease or condition that comes out of nowhere and cause is unknown
Acquired
Condition is gained throughout lifetime. Not born with it.
Dialectal
Refers to accent. Not a language or speech disorder. Reflects cultural background
Echolalia
Repeating the same words back to the person that said them. Autism.
