Adult Language Impairments Flashcards
Broca’s area
Incoming auditory information held in working memory.
Wernicke’s area
Incoming linguistic processing. Angular gyrus: words, supramarginal gyrus: grammar
Aphasia
without language
Hemiparesis
weakness on one side of the body
Hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
Hemisensory impairment
a loss of the ability to perceive sensory information on one side of the body
Hemianopsia
Blindness in the visual field of each eye contralateral to the site of a deep lesion
Dysphagia
difficulty chewing or swallowing
Agnosia
difficulty understanding incoming sensory information
Agrammatism
Omission of grammatical elements
Agraphia
Difficulty writing
Alexia
Reading problems
Anomia
difficulty naming entities
Jargon
meaningless or irrelevant speech with typical intonational patterns
Neologism
a novel word
Paraphasia
word substitutions found in clients who may talk fluently and grammatically.
Verbal stereotype
an expression repeated over and over
anomic aphasia
most aspects of speech are normal with the exception of word retrieval
conduction aphasia
conversations are abundant and quick, filled with paraphasia. Paraphasia may be severe enough to make speech incomprehensible.
transcortical sensory aphasia
conversation and spontaneous speech are as fluent as in Wernicke’s aphasia, but filled with word errors.
broca’s aphasia
short sentences with aggrammatism; slow, labored speech and writing; and articulation and phonological errors.
Transcortical motor aphasia
difficulty initiating speech or writing. Severely impaired speech is a characteristic of damage to the motor cortex.
Global aphasia
profound language impairment in all modalities, associated with a large, deep lesion in an area below the brain’s surface.
Ischemic stroke
results from a complete or partial blockage of the arteries transporting blood to the brain.
Cerebral arteriosclerosis
Thickening of the walls of cerebral arteries in which elasticity is lost or reduced, the walls become weakened, and blood flow is restricted.
Embolism
Obstructed blood flow caused by blood clot, fatty materials, or air bubble.
Thrombosis
Plaque buildup or blood clot formed on site and does not travel, causing blood flow to be restricted.
Transient ischemic attack
Temporary condition with symptoms mirroring a stroke; blood flow to a portion of the brain is blocked or reduced, but then returns after a short interval.
Hemorrhagic stroke
weakened arterial walls burst under pressure
aneurysm
a saclike bulging in a weakened artery wall
arteriovenous malformation
Poorly formed tangle of arteries and veins; malformed arterial walls may be weak and give way under pressure.
primary progressive aphasia
A degenerative disorder of language with preservation of other mental functions and of activities of daily living. It progresses to a near-total inability to speak over time.
spontaneous recovery
a natural restorative process
infarction
death of tissue deprived of oxygen supply
hematoma
focal bleeding
