Hearing Loss and Auditory Disorders Flashcards
Congenital
condition that begins at birth
Idiopathic
Cause can’t be identified.
Impairment
A loss of structure or function. Example: fell down the stairs and hurt foot.
Disability
Term that includes the impairment as well as the environmental factors that interfere with functioning. Inability to perform certain tasks because of impairment. Example: Can’t write due to impairment. Perceived by patient.
Handicap
The functional consequences associated with a particular impairment. Example: Inability to write makes it so someone can’t fulfill their role as a note-taker. Perceived by patient.
Conductive System
outer and middle ear
Sensorineural System
Cochlea and Auditory Nerve
Anotia
Absence of the pinna on one or both sides
Microtia
A small, malformed pinna that does not result in loss of hearing sensitivity by itself.
Atresia
Complete closure of the auditory canal; significant hearing loss is inevitable
Otosclerosis
The replacement of healthy bone with spongy bone in the stapes footplate, resulting in reduced mobility of the stapes and hearing loss.
Otitis media
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining in the middle ear cavity
Myringotomy
Incision in eardrum to drain fluid in middle ear
Pressure equalization or tympanostomy tubes
inserted into the eardrum and function as the Eustachian tube
Aplasia/dysplasia
hearing loss due to absence or malformation of inner ear structures during embryonic development.
Usher’s Syndrome
Genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and degenerative visual changes.
Waardenburg’s Syndrome
Genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and changes in the coloring of the hair, skin, and eyes.
Alport’s Syndrome
Marked by sensorineural hearing loss and kidney disease.
Meningitis
Inflammation of the fluids and layers of tissue covering the brain.
Meniere’s Disease
Fluctuating and progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Symptoms typically come and go unpredictably.
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
Normal outer hair cell function and abnormal responses from the inner hair cells or auditory nerve fibers. Characterized by a lack of synchrony in the firing of auditory nerve fibers with normal outer hair cell function.
Vestibular schwannoma/acoustic neuroma
A non-malignant growth develops on the cells near cranial nerve VIII. Symptoms include decreased hearing, tinnitus, balance difficulty, and a plugged feeling on the affected side. Surgery is usually recommended.
Temporary threshold shift
Hearing loss due to short-term noise exposure.
Permanent Threshold Shift
Loss of high frequency sensitivity due to frequent exposure to high levels of noise.
presbycusis
hearing loss that occurs through aging process
Mixed Hearing Loss
Presence of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Bimodal Hearing
A cochlear implant is used on one ear and a hearing aid is used on the other.
Hearing Assistive Technology
Assistive devices used to overcome problems hearing in various situations.
FM System
The talker speaks into a microphone attached to a transmitter that broadcasts on a designated frequency or channel.
Sound Field Amplification
Loudspeakers are used rather than a broadcast to one receiver.
