Midterm 1 Flashcards
homeostasis is the ability of the body to
quickly restore changed conditions to normal
when an individuals physiology changes as a result of chronic exposure to an environment
acclimatization
oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?
positive feedback
the largest carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides because they are composed of ___ molecules bonded with one another
simple sugar
the chemical bonding behavior of an atom is directly determined by the
number and arrangement of electrons
antioxidants are good for you because they help prevent the formation of
free radicals
a molecule referred to as highly soluble is
very likely to dissolve in water
a free radical is a
molecule with an impaired/missing electron
human experiments can be difficult to interpret because of
variability, psychological factors, many forms human studies can take, ethical consideration (all of the above)
systems in the body that prevent large changes in pH is known as
buffering
silicon has an atomic number of 14; therefore, it has ___ electrons in its outermost electron shell
4
as water freezes
it’s molecules move further apart
why is water considered a polar molecule
it’s electrons are closer to oxygen because of oxygens high electronegativity
in regard to lipids, which is most likely for the term “unsaturated” is to refer to
the presence of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in a fatty acid
proteins are made up of these molecules
amino acids
the reaction rates of many chemical reactions that occur in the body are controlled by special protein molecules called
enzymes
lipids are hydrophobic and do not usually dissolve in water. because blood is water based, the lipid cholesterol is combined with ___ so that it can be transported by blood
hydrophilic molecules
starch is a polysaccharide and used as energy storage by plants. ___ is also a polysaccharide and used for energy storage, but in animals
glycogen
the most important energy-transferring compound in cells is a nucleotide known as
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
a nucleotide consists of a
5 carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
when it comes to proteins, why is the flu so dangerous?
if your body overheats too much, proteins cannot function causing body heat to continuously rise
the brain and spinal cord together compose the
central nervous system
isotopes of the same element differ by having different numbers of
neutrons
the term polar is used to describe molecules because
there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding electron position and the resulting charge
which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions and proteins
intercellular fluid only
which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is false
it transports Na+ and K+ in a 1:1 ratio
the resting membrane potential in a typical nerve cell is approximately
-70mV
which of the following is NOT involved in creating the testing potential of a neuron
resting membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions
