Mastering Kidney

Question 1

The kidneys function to produce hormones, excrete wastes, regulate blood pressure, and maintain ion balance. Which of the following is another function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Regulate osmolarity

Question 2

The functional unit of the kidney is the __________.

Answer 2

nephron

Question 3

A patient has a problem in her vasa recta. Where do you predict there could be problems with transport between the blood and the nephron tubule?

Answer 3

Loop of Henle

Question 4

Put the following in order from where urine is produced to where it exits the body:
Urethra
Urinary bladder
Nephron
Ureter

Answer 4

3, 4, 2, 1

Question 5

Blood leaves the glomerulus through which vessel?

Answer 5

Efferent Arteriole

Question 6

Approximately how much liquid moves through the kidneys of an adult during a 24-hour period?

Answer 6

180 Liters

Question 7

Where does all filtration take place in the kidneys?

Answer 7

Glomerulus

Question 8

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the greatest possible increase in urine concentration?

Answer 8

Collecting Duct

Question 9

Which of the following correctly indicates the direction of the different forces causing filtration in the renal corpuscle (of fluid flow into or out of Bowman’s capsule from the glomerular capillaries)?

Answer 9

Blood hydrostatic pressure-in; blood colloid osmotic pressure-out; hydrostatic fluid pressure of the Bowman’s capsule-out

Question 10

Which combination of changes would increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) the most?

Answer 10

Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole

Question 11

What is the main factor in the net driving force for filtration in the glomerulus?

Answer 11

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 12

Which change would cause an increase in afferent arteriolar resistance due to paracrine signaling from the macula densa?

Answer 12

Greater sodium concentration in the distal tubule

Question 13

Most reabsorption of fluid from the filtrate back into the blood occurs from the __________.

Answer 13

Proximal Tubule

Question 14

In which process can glucose transport reach saturation?

Answer 14

Reabsorption

Question 15

A patient has a genetic defect that decreases the number of GLUT transporters in the nephron tubule. Which would you expect?

Answer 15

Decreased transport maximum and increased glucose in urine

Question 16

If all glucose is normally reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron, why do people with diabetes have glucose in their urine?

Answer 16

The plasma concentration is greater than the renal threshold.

Question 17

In a diabetic patient with high blood sugar above transport maximum, which would you expect?

Answer 17

There will be increased glucose in urine and increased glucose clearance.

Question 18

What causes the internal urethral sphincter to open?

Answer 18

Increasing pressure due to contraction of the full bladder

Question 19

During the micturition reflex, what does activation of parasympathetic efferent neurons cause the bladder to do?

Answer 19

Contract