Kidney Test Questions

Question 1

What protein puts all glucose back into the blood?

Answer 1

GLUT1; Glucose Transporter Protein

Question 2

What hormone actively acts on receptor of the nephron?

Answer 2

ADH; Antidiuretic Protein

Question 3

Important in salt balance (water follows sodium)

Answer 3

Aldosterone

Question 4

Filtration by Kidney

Answer 4

occurs without energy

Question 5

Reabsorption by Kidney

Answer 5

often requires protein pumps which require energy (ATP), but can be passive; takes place through transporter proteins (movement of sodium)

Question 6

Secretion by Kidney

Answer 6

uses both active and passive movement of selected molecules (anything that stays inside the nephron tubules; if it goes into duct it will be dumped into bladder)

Question 7

In what circumstances do you lose glucose?*

Answer 7

malfunction in glucose transporter would result in sugar in urine (too much in body: diabetes)

Question 8

How does protein get into urine?*

Answer 8

Damaged nephron (usually too big and get stuck)

Question 9

Why is the size difference between efferent and afferent arterioles important?*

Answer 9

Afferent has a wider diameter so when it goes into the glomerulus to the smaller efferent, pressure rises and more gets pushed out

Question 10

Glomerulus

Answer 10

filtration, (salt impacts movement of water); pressure, (hydrostatic vs. oscolic osmotic pressure)

Question 11

vasodialate

Answer 11

Increases: afferent diameter, filtration, pressure (more blood goes in)

Question 12

Podocytes

Answer 12

form slits that are too small for protein to get through

Question 13

GFR

Answer 13

125mL/min, 180L/day, 1.5L in urine

Question 14

Blood through Liver*

Answer 14

Glomerulus> Filtrate> PCT> Descending Loop of Henle> Ascending Loop of Henle> Distal Convoluted Tubule> Collecting Duct

Question 15

Filtrate

Answer 15

plasma w/o protein

Question 16

PCT

Answer 16

reabsorption

Question 17

Descending Loop of Henle

Answer 17

thin; water absorbed (osmosis), since surrounded by salt

Question 18

Ascending Loop of Henle

Answer 18

impermeable to water, ions reabsorbed

Question 19

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 19

secretion of ions, drugs, toxins; macula densa reabsorbs Na and C; monitors BP (stretch receptors); monitors pH (retain salt so also water)

Question 20

Collecting Duct

Answer 20

further reabsorb, become leaky- MODIFIED

Question 21

Macula densa

Answer 21

controls reabsorption of sodium and calcium (affected by sodium levels and prostaglandin production)

Question 22

Juxtaglomerular (JG) Cells

Answer 22

respond to cells respond to sympathetic stimulation and reduced renal blood flow of the JG complex; erythropoietin and renin

Question 23

SPECIAL CELLS*

Answer 23

absorb salts and ions; JG cells and Macula densa cells

Question 24

renin

Answer 24

begins the process of raising blood pressure by increasing angiotensin

Question 25

ADH, Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 25

less urine, less water in bladder (more aquaporins