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Anatomy & Physiology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false?

A

Correct The afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum.

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2
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions, except the

A

right breast

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3
Q

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

A

All of the answers are correct.

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4
Q

Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled “6.”

A

B cells

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5
Q

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

A

red marrow.

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6
Q

Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled “6.”

A

outer cortex

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7
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are known for

A

All of the answers are correct.

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8
Q

Suppressor T cells act to

A

inhibit T and B cell activities.

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9
Q

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

A

cytotoxic T

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10
Q

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

A

thoracic duct.

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11
Q

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

A

white pulp.

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12
Q

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

A

lymphocytes.

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13
Q

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?

A

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

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14
Q

Which of these is not a characteristic of AIDS?

A

is declining worldwide

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15
Q

Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only

A

in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.

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16
Q

Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they

A

Correct remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

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17
Q

In passive immunization, the

A

body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal.

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18
Q

An inflammatory response is triggered when

A

mast cells release histamine and heparin.

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19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

respond to antigens

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20
Q

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

A

phagocytes.

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21
Q

The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response.

A

Correct 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.

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22
Q

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they

A

are smaller in diameter.

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23
Q

Infection with the HIV virus occurs through

A

intimate contact with an infected person’s body fluids.

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24
Q

Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except

A

the brain.

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25
Q

Inflammation produces localized

A

All of the answers are correct.

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26
Q

________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

A

Tonsils

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27
Q

Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?

A

All of the answers are correct.

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28
Q

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells.

A

helper T

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29
Q

Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled “1.”

A

afferent lymphatic vessel

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30
Q

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

A

exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.

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31
Q

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.

A

B

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32
Q

T is to ________ as B is to ________.

A

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

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33
Q

Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except

A

natriuretic factor.

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34
Q

All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it

A

activates B cells.

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35
Q

Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that

A

the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.

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36
Q

Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include

A

All of the answers are correct

37
Q

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except

A

Correct complement.

38
Q

Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled “3.”

A

Correct capsule

39
Q

Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than

A

99°F.

40
Q

Stress can affect the immune response in all of the following ways, except by

A

inhibiting glucocorticoid release.

41
Q

Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule.

A

germinal center

42
Q

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except

A

the venae cavae.

43
Q

Lymphocytes provide an adaptive or specific defense known as the

A

immune response`

44
Q

In general, lymphocytes

A

spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue

45
Q

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

A

cytotoxic T

46
Q

________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

A

Peyer patches

47
Q

The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it

A

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

48
Q

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

A

Correct defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.

49
Q

Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled “4.”

A

T cells

50
Q

Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the

A

CNS.

51
Q

A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage.

A

thyroid

52
Q

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except

A

Correct acting as a damping chamber when coughing.

53
Q

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

A

cricoid

54
Q

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

A

lower respiratory tract.

55
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

A

dehumidify the incoming air

56
Q

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

57
Q

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled “2.”

A

internal nares

58
Q

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

A

Cystic fibrosis

59
Q

The glottis is

A

the opening to the larynx.

60
Q

A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time you would expect to observe

A

Correct increased thickness of the right ventricular wall.

61
Q

The vocal folds are located within the

A

larynx

62
Q

Which of the following is not true about the pharynx?

A

Correct shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems

63
Q

The respiratory defense system is important because it

A

All of the answers are correct.

64
Q

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:

Identify the structure labeled “7.”

A

oropharynx

65
Q

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

A

All of the answers are correct

66
Q

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibres can be found in the

A

Sub mucosal plexus

67
Q

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

A

Large intestine

68
Q

Which of the following contain adipose tissue and passing for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

A

Greater omentum

69
Q

The — are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and Cary nerves, lymphatic sand blood vessels.

A

Mesenteries

70
Q

The root of a tooth is covered by

A

Cementum

71
Q

Functions of the tongue include all of the filling except

A

Partitioning of the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

72
Q

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A

Pancreas

73
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract directly underlies the epithelium?

A

Lamina propria

74
Q

The — salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth

A

Sublingual

75
Q

The crown of a tooth is covered by

A

Enamel

76
Q

Which of these descriptions best match the term submucosal plexus?

A

Sensory neural network

77
Q

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the

A

Bladder

78
Q

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the filling except

A

Absorption of monosaccharides

79
Q

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the

A

Plicae

80
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A

Filtration

81
Q

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

A

All answers are correct

82
Q

A disease that attacks and disabled the myentric plexus would

A

Decrease intestinal motility

83
Q

The greater omentum is

A

A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

84
Q

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

85
Q

Which of the following is a function of the tongue

A

All answers are correct

86
Q

Inmost cases the mumps is a viral infection of the

A

Partoid glands

87
Q

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A

Submucosa

88
Q

Which layer of the digestive tract has a sense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

A

Submucosa

89
Q

The double layer of sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called

A

Mesenteries

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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