Midterm 1 Flashcards
Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false?
Correct The afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum.
The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions, except the
right breast
Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include
All of the answers are correct.
Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled “6.”
B cells
Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the
red marrow.
Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled “6.”
outer cortex
Lymphatic capillaries are known for
All of the answers are correct.
Suppressor T cells act to
inhibit T and B cell activities.
The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.
cytotoxic T
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
thoracic duct.
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
white pulp.
The white pulp of the spleen is populated by
lymphocytes.
Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?
lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
Which of these is not a characteristic of AIDS?
is declining worldwide
Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only
in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.
Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they
Correct remove excess nutrients from the lymph.
In passive immunization, the
body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal.
An inflammatory response is triggered when
mast cells release histamine and heparin.
Lymphocytes
respond to antigens
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
phagocytes.
The following are steps in the cell-mediated immune response.
Correct 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.
Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, except that they
are smaller in diameter.
Infection with the HIV virus occurs through
intimate contact with an infected person’s body fluids.
Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following, except
the brain.
Inflammation produces localized
All of the answers are correct.
________ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.
Tonsils
Lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs?
All of the answers are correct.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells.
helper T
Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled “1.”
afferent lymphatic vessel
T cells and B cells can be activated only by
exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.
The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.
B
T is to ________ as B is to ________.
thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except
natriuretic factor.
All of the following are true of the thymus gland, except that it
activates B cells.
Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that
the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
Changes in the immune system that accompany aging include
All of the answers are correct
Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection, except
Correct complement.
Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled “3.”
Correct capsule
Fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than
99°F.
Stress can affect the immune response in all of the following ways, except by
inhibiting glucocorticoid release.
Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphatic nodule.
germinal center
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following, except
the venae cavae.
Lymphocytes provide an adaptive or specific defense known as the
immune response`
In general, lymphocytes
spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.
cytotoxic T
________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
Peyer patches
The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it
transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
Correct defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
Figure 22-1 The Structure of a Lymph Node
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled “4.”
T cells
Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the
CNS.
A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage.
thyroid
Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except
Correct acting as a damping chamber when coughing.
The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.
cricoid
The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the
lower respiratory tract.
Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?
dehumidify the incoming air
The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled “2.”
internal nares
________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.
Cystic fibrosis
The glottis is
the opening to the larynx.
A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Over a period of time you would expect to observe
Correct increased thickness of the right ventricular wall.
The vocal folds are located within the
larynx
Which of the following is not true about the pharynx?
Correct shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems
The respiratory defense system is important because it
All of the answers are correct.
Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled “7.”
oropharynx
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by
All of the answers are correct
Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibres can be found in the
Sub mucosal plexus
What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
Large intestine
Which of the following contain adipose tissue and passing for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?
Greater omentum
The — are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and Cary nerves, lymphatic sand blood vessels.
Mesenteries
The root of a tooth is covered by
Cementum
Functions of the tongue include all of the filling except
Partitioning of the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
Pancreas
Which layer of the digestive tract directly underlies the epithelium?
Lamina propria
The — salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth
Sublingual
The crown of a tooth is covered by
Enamel
Which of these descriptions best match the term submucosal plexus?
Sensory neural network
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the
Bladder
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the filling except
Absorption of monosaccharides
A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the
Plicae
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
Filtration
The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity
All answers are correct
A disease that attacks and disabled the myentric plexus would
Decrease intestinal motility
The greater omentum is
A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera
Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from
Parasympathetic stimulation
Which of the following is a function of the tongue
All answers are correct
Inmost cases the mumps is a viral infection of the
Partoid glands
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
Submucosa
Which layer of the digestive tract has a sense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?
Submucosa
The double layer of sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called
Mesenteries
