Chapters 19 to 21 Flashcards
A doctor tells her nursing students that it is important to monitor patients’ blood pressure when they are receiving verapamil (a calcium channel blocker). Why?
Calcium channel blockers inhibit the movement of calcium ions from the interstitial fluid into cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This would cause a decrease in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. These in turn would lower blood pressure. In addition, the calcium channel blockers would also inhibit contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of blood vessels, causing them to get wider and thus also lower blood pressure. Because both heart and smooth muscle cells are inhibited by verapamil, its effects on blood pressure are particularly potent.
A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery.
aneurysm
An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to
both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.
An infected wound contains typically contains
All of the answers are correct.
An equivalent term for epicardium is ________.
visceral pericardium
A patient’s ECG recording shows a very long P-R interval. What is the cause of this abnormal wave pattern?
The P wave marks the time of atrial depolarization and the QRS complex signals ventricular depolarization. Between those two events the AV node was excited and the action potential was spread through the conducting tissue to the ventricular myocardium. A prolonged P-R interval signifies an usually slow conduction through the AV node and conducting system, possibly due to insufficient blood flow (ischemia).
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
A heart murmur might be caused by
All of the answers are correct.
A moving blood clot is called a(n)
embolus.
Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase?
beta-one receptor
A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the
liver.
After the precapillary arteriole, blood enters a ________.
thoroughfare channel
Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of
Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.
internal carotid
A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?
neutrophils
A slower-than-normal heart rate is called ________.
bradycardia
All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are
important in coagulation.
After blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.
separated
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.
A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is
GM-CSF.
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance.
ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body’s long-term compensation for
a serious hemorrhage.
A genetically engineered hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is
G-CSF (Neupogen).
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through faulty valves are called ________.
murmurs
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the
red bone marrow.
After donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect
an increased reticulocyte count.
After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.
brachial
A person whose platelet count is 40,000/µl is suffering from
thrombocytopenia.
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.
QRS complex
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
fibrinogen.
A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered
a medium vein.
A digestive disorder that impairs a person’s ability to absorb vitamin K will result in
All of the answers are correct.
Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following, except the
stroke volume.
A procedure in which a length of the patient’s vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called ________.
coronary arterial bypass graft (or CABG)
A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n) ________.
blood clot
A faster-than-normal heart rate is called ________.
tachycardia
After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery.
axillary
A patient has an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml. A heart attack has weakened her left ventricle so it can pump a stroke volume of only 40 ml. Calculate her end-systolic volume.
85 ml
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.
agglutinogens; agglutinins
A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open.
stent
“An increase in end-diastolic volume increases the stroke volume” is a way of stating
Starling’s law of the heart.
A typical adult hematocrit is
45.
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic.
A person’s blood type is determined largely by the
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called
normochromic.
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules.
Approximately 45% of the blood volume is composed of the ________ .
formed elements
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in
increased erythropoiesis.
A(n) ________ ________ (two words) is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule.
arteriovenous anastomosis
