Chapters 5 to 9 Flashcards
A lack of exercise could
result in porous and weak bones.
A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage
closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
All of the following are true of epidermal ridges, except that they
contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.
A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)
abrasion.
Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by
elevated levels of estrogen.
A(n) ________ fracture shatters the bone.
comminuted
A point of attachment for muscles that rotate or extend the head is the
mastoid process.
A(n) ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.
spiral
A rib is an example of a ________ bone.
flat
A(n) ________ or closed fracture does not break the skin.
simple
A common cause of dandruff is
inflammation around sebaceous glands.
A shallow depression on a bone is termed a
fossa.
A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is ________.
rickets
Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following, except
epidermis.
A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the
crista galli.
A new mother notices that her 6-month-old infant has a yellow-orange complexion. Fearful that the child may have jaundice, she takes him to her pediatrician. After examining the child and learning about the infant’s diet, the pediatrician declares him perfectly healthy and advises the mother to watch the child’s diet. What is likely the cause for the change in skin color?
The infant probably has a fondness for vegetables that are high in carotene, such as sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. It is not uncommon for parents to feed babies what they will eat best. If the child consumes large amounts of carotene, the yellow-orange pigment will be stored in the skin, producing a yellow-orange skin color.
Aging has what effect on the skeletal system?
loss of calcium and collagen fibers from matrix
A(n) ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.
foramen
Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis are called _______.
blisters
A tubercle of a rib articulates with
the costal facets of thoracic vertebrae.
A fracture of the bone across its long axis is called a(n) ________ fracture.
transverse
A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a(n) ________.
scab
A bacterial infection that is often fatal in burn patients is called ________.
sepsis
A boot-top fracture that involves both lower leg bones is called a(n) ________ fracture.
Pott
A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a ________.
sinus
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called ________.
scoliosis
A ________ is a smooth, grooved bone process shaped like a pulley.
trochlea
A bruise turns “black and blue” because of ________ in the dermis.
broken blood vessels
A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called
osteoporosis.
A male has a ________ pelvic outlet when compared to the woman’s pelvic outlet.
smaller
A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a(n) ________ fracture.
Colles
All of the following are true of the pigment melanin, except that it
decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
A ligament attaches the acetabulum to the femur at the ________, a small pit in the center of the femoral head.
fovea capitis
A fracture at the ankle involving both lower leg bones is often called a ________ fracture.
Pott
All of the following are true of lumbar vertebrae, except that
the vertebral bodies are thin and delicate.
All of the following are true of the sacrum, except that it
articulates with the second and third lumbar vertebrae.
A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a ________.
tuberosity
A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum.
deviated
A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening. A physician treating a burn victim would likely order all of the following, except
ice packs applied to the burn area.
After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the
external callus.
A(n) ________ fracture produces shattered bone fragments.
comminuted
A calcified skeletal muscle is an example of ________.
heterotopic bone formation
All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except it
is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it
produces the body odor characteristic of “sweating.”
A nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth and gums of the lower jaw passes through the
mandibular foramen.
A hole through a bone is termed a
foramen.
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.
keloid
A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the
sphenoid.
A child with rickets often has
bowed legs.
An albino individual lacks the ability to produc
melanin.
List the types of movement that may be permitted at a synovial joint.
linear, gliding motion, angular motion (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction), rotation, and a series of special movements (eversion, inversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression)
An immovable joint is a(n)
synarthrosis.
Joints can be classified structurally as
All of the answers are correct.
Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include
All of the answers are correct.
A suture is an example of a(n)
synarthrosis.
Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)
gomphosis.
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as
eversion.
A ________ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe.
bunion
A general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system is ________.
rheumatism
A ligamentous connection such as an interosseous ligament is termed
syndesmosis.
Degenerative changes in a joint can be the result of all of the following, except
bursitis.
An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the
ribs with the sternum.
Ankle extension is also called
plantar flexion.
How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different?
Osteoarthritis is a “wear-and-tear” disease seen usually in the elderly. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks synovial joints, triggered by an infection or some other cause
A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by
protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
A synovial joint is an example of a(n)
diarthrosis.
A slightly movable joint is a(n)
amphiarthrosis.
Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because
the knee contains seven major ligaments.
In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci
act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.
A freely movable joint is a(n)
diarthrosis.
All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints, except
dorsiflexion.
Arthritis always involves damage to the ________ cartilages, but the specific cause can vary.
articular
A herniated disc occurs when the
nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus.
All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, except
rolling.
A joint where bones fuse together with bone tissue is called a
synostosis.
In a triaxial articulation
movement can occur in all three axes.
An epiphyseal line is an example of a
synostosis.
A high school student comes to the emergency room complaining of persistent pain and stiffness in her shoulder joint. In talking with her, you discover that she has been spending many hours trying to improve her pitching skills for her school’s softball team. What is likely causing the pain?
Her pain is probably caused by injury to the rotator cuff, which can result from repetitive motion, trauma, or excessive force. The rotator cuff consists of the tendons of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. If torn, surgical repair may be indicated.
Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called ________.
hyperextension
Joints in which the bones are closely fitted are
strong joints with restricted movement.
Joints in which adjacent bones are joined by a strong interosseous ligament are
syndesmoses.
Curling into the “fetal position” ________ the intervertebral joints.
flexes
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
hyperextension.
Bursae are found in all of the following areas, except
around blood vessels.
Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in
flexion of the forearm.
A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.
dislocation
Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is
dorsiflexion.
All of the following statements are true, except one. Identify the exception.
The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.
A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed
inversion.
A movement away from the midline of the body is termed
abduction.
