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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapters 5 to 9 > Flashcards

Chapters 5 to 9 Flashcards

1
Q

A lack of exercise could

A

result in porous and weak bones.

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2
Q

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

A

closes and heals with relatively little scarring.

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3
Q

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges, except that they

A

contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.

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4
Q

A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)

A

abrasion.

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5
Q

Accelerated closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

A

elevated levels of estrogen.

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6
Q

A(n) ________ fracture shatters the bone.

A

comminuted

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7
Q

A point of attachment for muscles that rotate or extend the head is the

A

mastoid process.

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8
Q

A(n) ________ fracture is produced by twisting stresses applied to the bone.

A

spiral

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9
Q

A rib is an example of a ________ bone.

A

flat

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10
Q

A(n) ________ or closed fracture does not break the skin.

A

simple

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11
Q

A common cause of dandruff is

A

inflammation around sebaceous glands.

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12
Q

A shallow depression on a bone is termed a

A

fossa.

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13
Q

A deficiency disease that illustrates the effect of integumentary system function on the structure of the skeletal system is ________.

A

rickets

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14
Q

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following, except

A

epidermis.

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15
Q

A membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain is attached to the

A

crista galli.

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16
Q

A new mother notices that her 6-month-old infant has a yellow-orange complexion. Fearful that the child may have jaundice, she takes him to her pediatrician. After examining the child and learning about the infant’s diet, the pediatrician declares him perfectly healthy and advises the mother to watch the child’s diet. What is likely the cause for the change in skin color?

A

The infant probably has a fondness for vegetables that are high in carotene, such as sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. It is not uncommon for parents to feed babies what they will eat best. If the child consumes large amounts of carotene, the yellow-orange pigment will be stored in the skin, producing a yellow-orange skin color.

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17
Q

Aging has what effect on the skeletal system?

A

loss of calcium and collagen fibers from matrix

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18
Q

A(n) ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.

A

foramen

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19
Q

Accumulations of fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and the dermis are called _______.

A

blisters

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20
Q

A tubercle of a rib articulates with

A

the costal facets of thoracic vertebrae.

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21
Q

A fracture of the bone across its long axis is called a(n) ________ fracture.

A

transverse

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22
Q

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a(n) ________.

A

scab

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23
Q

A bacterial infection that is often fatal in burn patients is called ________.

A

sepsis

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24
Q

A boot-top fracture that involves both lower leg bones is called a(n) ________ fracture.

A

Pott

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25
Q

A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a ________.

A

sinus

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26
Q

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called ________.

A

scoliosis

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27
Q

A ________ is a smooth, grooved bone process shaped like a pulley.

A

trochlea

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28
Q

A bruise turns “black and blue” because of ________ in the dermis.

A

broken blood vessels

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29
Q

A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called

A

osteoporosis.

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30
Q

A male has a ________ pelvic outlet when compared to the woman’s pelvic outlet.

A

smaller

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31
Q

A transverse fracture of the wrist that may be comminuted is called a(n) ________ fracture.

A

Colles

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32
Q

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin, except that it

A

decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.

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33
Q

A ligament attaches the acetabulum to the femur at the ________, a small pit in the center of the femoral head.

A

fovea capitis

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34
Q

A fracture at the ankle involving both lower leg bones is often called a ________ fracture.

A

Pott

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35
Q

All of the following are true of lumbar vertebrae, except that

A

the vertebral bodies are thin and delicate.

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36
Q

All of the following are true of the sacrum, except that it

A

articulates with the second and third lumbar vertebrae.

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37
Q

A small rough bump on bone where a tendon attaches is called a ________.

A

tuberosity

38
Q

A bent nasal septum that slows or prevents sinus drainage is known clinically as a ________ septum.

A

deviated

39
Q

A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening. A physician treating a burn victim would likely order all of the following, except

A

ice packs applied to the burn area.

40
Q

After a fracture of the diaphysis has healed, the thickened region that results is called the

A

external callus.

41
Q

A(n) ________ fracture produces shattered bone fragments.

A

comminuted

42
Q

A calcified skeletal muscle is an example of ________.

A

heterotopic bone formation

43
Q

All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except it

A

is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.

44
Q

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands, except that it

A

produces the body odor characteristic of “sweating.”

45
Q

A nerve that carries sensory information from the teeth and gums of the lower jaw passes through the

A

mandibular foramen.

46
Q

A hole through a bone is termed a

A

foramen.

47
Q

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a(n) ________.

A

keloid

48
Q

A skull bone that could be described as looking like a bat with wings extended is the

A

sphenoid.

49
Q

A child with rickets often has

A

bowed legs.

50
Q

An albino individual lacks the ability to produc

A

melanin.

51
Q

List the types of movement that may be permitted at a synovial joint.

A

linear, gliding motion, angular motion (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction), rotation, and a series of special movements (eversion, inversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression)

52
Q

An immovable joint is a(n)

A

synarthrosis.

53
Q

Joints can be classified structurally as

A

All of the answers are correct.

54
Q

Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include

A

All of the answers are correct.

55
Q

A suture is an example of a(n)

A

synarthrosis.

56
Q

Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)

A

gomphosis.

57
Q

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

A

eversion.

58
Q

A ________ is a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe.

A

bunion

59
Q

A general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system is ________.

A

rheumatism

60
Q

A ligamentous connection such as an interosseous ligament is termed

A

syndesmosis.

61
Q

Degenerative changes in a joint can be the result of all of the following, except

A

bursitis.

62
Q

An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the

A

ribs with the sternum.

63
Q

Ankle extension is also called

A

plantar flexion.

64
Q

How are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis different?

A

Osteoarthritis is a “wear-and-tear” disease seen usually in the elderly. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks synovial joints, triggered by an infection or some other cause

65
Q

A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by

A

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

66
Q

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

A

diarthrosis.

67
Q

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

A

amphiarthrosis.

68
Q

Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because

A

the knee contains seven major ligaments.

69
Q

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci

A

act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.

70
Q

A freely movable joint is a(n)

A

diarthrosis.

71
Q

All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints, except

A

dorsiflexion.

72
Q

Arthritis always involves damage to the ________ cartilages, but the specific cause can vary.

A

articular

73
Q

A herniated disc occurs when the

A

nucleus pulposus breaks through the anulus fibrosus.

74
Q

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, except

A

rolling.

75
Q

A joint where bones fuse together with bone tissue is called a

A

synostosis.

76
Q

In a triaxial articulation

A

movement can occur in all three axes.

77
Q

An epiphyseal line is an example of a

A

synostosis.

78
Q

A high school student comes to the emergency room complaining of persistent pain and stiffness in her shoulder joint. In talking with her, you discover that she has been spending many hours trying to improve her pitching skills for her school’s softball team. What is likely causing the pain?

A

Her pain is probably caused by injury to the rotator cuff, which can result from repetitive motion, trauma, or excessive force. The rotator cuff consists of the tendons of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. If torn, surgical repair may be indicated.

79
Q

Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called ________.

A

hyperextension

80
Q

Joints in which the bones are closely fitted are

A

strong joints with restricted movement.

81
Q

Joints in which adjacent bones are joined by a strong interosseous ligament are

A

syndesmoses.

82
Q

Curling into the “fetal position” ________ the intervertebral joints.

A

flexes

83
Q

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

A

hyperextension.

84
Q

Bursae are found in all of the following areas, except

A

around blood vessels.

85
Q

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in

A

flexion of the forearm.

86
Q

A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.

A

dislocation

87
Q

Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is

A

dorsiflexion.

88
Q

All of the following statements are true, except one. Identify the exception.

A

The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

89
Q

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed

A

inversion.

90
Q

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed

A

abduction.

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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