Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PH 113 - Pharmacology 1 > MIDTERM 06 - Drugs for Coagulation Disorders > Flashcards

MIDTERM 06 - Drugs for Coagulation Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the prevention of blood loss

A

Hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 stages of platelet plug formation (AAA)

A

Adhesion, Activation, Aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When the endothelium is injured, platelets adhere to collagen in the tissues and to a protein called ___________ that leaks into the traumatized tissue from the plasma (Platelet adhesion phase - platelet plug formation)

A

von Willebrand factor (vWF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Involves morphologic changes in platelets; release of platelet granules adenosine diphosphate (ADP), TXA2, serotonin, platelet-activation factor (PAF), and thrombin (Platelet plug formation phase)

A

Platelet activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___________, a soluble plasma GP, simultaneously binds to GP IIb/IIIa receptors on two separate platelets, resulting in platelet cross-linking and platelet aggregation (Platelet aggregation - platelet plug formation phase)

A

Fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The clot begins to develop in __________ to __________ seconds if the trauma to the vascular wall has been severe (Formation of blood clot)

A

15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The clot begins to develop in __________ to __________ minutes if the trauma has been minor (Formation of blood clot)

A

1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Within __________ to __________ minutes after rupture of a vessel, if the vessel opening is not too large, the entire opening or broken end of the vessel is filled with clot (Formation of blood clot)

A

3-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

After __________ minutes to an hour, the clot retracts and this closes the vessel still further (Formation of blood clot)

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Substances that promote coagulation

A

Procoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Substances that inhibit coagulation

A

Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clotting factor I to XIII are __________

A

Procoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protein C and S are __________

A

Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plasminogen is a __________

A

Fibrinolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Begins with a traumatized vascular wall or traumatized extravascular tissues that come in contact with the blood (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Extrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Begins with trauma to the blood itself or exposure of the blood to collagen from a traumatized blood vessel wall (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Intrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Activated by damage to the inside of blood vessels (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Intrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Have fewer steps; occurs rapidly (in seconds) (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Extrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Activated by damage to the outside of blood vessels (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Extrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The final pathway where both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Common pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extrinsic pathway activates clotting factor X which combines with factor V in the presence of Ca2+ to form the active enzyme __________

A

Prothrombinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

More complex; occurs more slowly (in minutes) (Coagulation cascade pathways)

A

Intrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

__________ is a plasma protein that inhibits coagulation factors of the intrinsic and common pathways

A

Antithrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

____________ are synthesized by endothelial cells and stimulate the activity of antithrombin

A

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Blood clot can become invaded by __________, which subsequently form connective tissue all through the clot

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The process of fibrin digestion by the fibrin-specific protease, plasmin (fibrinolysin)

A

Fibrinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Fibrinolysis is the process of fibrin digestion by the fibrin-specific protease, __________

A

Plasmin (fibrinolysin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

An abnormal clot that develops in a blood vessel

A

Thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An abnormal clot flowing with the blood

A

Embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Leads to the tendency to form thrombi (Risks for venous thromboembolism)

A

Inherited disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Includes atrial fibrillation, prolonged bed risk, high-risk surgical procedures, cancer, and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (Risks for venous thromboembolism)

A

Acquired disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Drugs that inhibit either the action of the coagulation factors or interfere with the synthesis of the coagulation factors

A

Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Exerts antithrombotic effect via antithrombin (Indirect thrombin inhibitors)

A

Heparins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A glycosylated, single-chain polypeptide that inhibits clotting factor proteases by forming equimolar stable complexes with them; targeted by heparins

A

Antithrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Catalyzes inhibition of coagulation proteases by antithrombin by 1000-fold (Types of heparin)

A

Unfractionated heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Initial treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism because of rapid onset of action (Types of heparin)

A

Unfractionated heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

DOC for anticoagulation in pregnancy (Types of heparin)

A

Unfractionated heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Antidote for unfractionated heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A highly basic, positively charged peptide that combines with negatively charged heparin; an antidote for unfractionated heparin toxicity

A

Protamine sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

LOVENOX (Low molecular-weight heparin drug)

A

Enoxaparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

FRAGMIN (Low molecular-weight heparin drug)

A

Dalteparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

INNOHEP, others (Low molecular-weight heparin drug)

A

Tinzaparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

NORMIFLO (Low molecular-weight heparin drug)

44
Q

FRAXIPARINE (Low molecular-weight heparin drug)

A

Nadroparin

45
Q

CLIVARINE (Low molecular-weight heparin drug)

46
Q

Catalyzes inhibition of factor Xa by antithrombin (Types of heparin)

A

Low molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)

47
Q

Used for prevention of venous thromboembolism and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and unstable angina (Types of heparin)

A

Low molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)

48
Q

A synthetic heparin derivative that mediates inhibition of factor Xa by antithrombin (Types of heparin)

A

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

49
Q

A synthetic heparin derivative used for thromboprophylaxis of patients undergoing hip or knee surgery (Types of heparin)

A

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

50
Q

A recombinant derivative of hirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor present in the salivary glands of the medicinal leech (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Lepirudin (Refludan)

51
Q

Used for treatment in patients with HIT (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Lepirudin (Refludan)

52
Q

A synthetic, 20-amino-acid polypeptide that directly inhibits thrombin (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

53
Q

Used as an alternative to heparin in percutaneous coronary angioplasty (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

54
Q

A synthetic compound based on the structure of L-Arg; binds reversibly to the catalytic site of thrombin (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Argatroban

55
Q

Used as an alternative to lepirudin for prophylaxis or treatment of patients with or at risk of developing HIT (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Argatroban

56
Q

Binds to the active site of thrombin (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Dabigatran etexilate mesylate

57
Q

Used for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (Direct thrombin inhibitors)

A

Dabigatran etexilate mesylate

58
Q

Antidote for dabigatran etexilate mesylate toxicity

A

Idarucizumab

59
Q

Humanized monoclonal antibody Fab fragment that binds to dabigatran and reverses the anticoagulant effect; approved for use in emergent surgery

A

Idarucizumab

60
Q

Natural form (Vitamin K antagonists)

A

Bishydroxycoumarin

61
Q

Synthetic derivative (Vitamin K antagonists)

A

Dicoumarol

62
Q

Drug coined by Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, with “arin” coming from coumarin (Vitamin K antagonists)

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

63
Q

Used for prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic disease (Anticoagulant drugs)

A

Vitamin K antagonists

64
Q

Antidote for vitamin K antagonist toxicity

A

Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) (PO, IV)

65
Q

Blocks the active site of factor Xa (Anticoagulant drugs)

A

Xa inhibitors

66
Q

Used for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following hip or knee surgery (Anticoagulant drugs)

A

Xa inhibitors

67
Q

Drugs that inhibit platelet function

A

Antiplatelets

68
Q

Its MOA is irreversible acetylation of COX-1 (Antiplatelet drugs)

69
Q

Used as primary prophylaxis of myocardial infarction and secondary prevention of vascular events (Antiplatelet drugs)

70
Q

Irreversibly inhibit the binding of ADP to its receptors on platelets; inhibit the activation of GP IIb/IIIa receptors (Antiplatelet drugs)

A

ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibitors

71
Q

Ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor are examples of __________ (Antiplatelet drugs)

A

ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibitors

72
Q

Used for prevention of stroke in patients with a history of a transient ischemic attack (Examples of ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibitors)

A

Ticlopidine

73
Q

Used for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (Examples of ADP-induced platelet aggregation inhibitors)

A

Clopidogrel

74
Q

Is a receptor for fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor

A

GP IIB/IIIA

75
Q

Abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofibam are examples of __________ (Antiplatelet drugs)

A

GP IIB/IIIA blockers

76
Q

Used in conjunction with percutaneous angioplasty for coronary thromboses (Examples of GP IIB/IIIA blockers)

77
Q

Used for treatment of acute coronary syndrome and for angioplastic coronary interventions (Examples of GP IIB/IIIA blockers)

A

Eptifibatide

78
Q

Has efficacy in non-Q-wave myocardial infarction and unstable angina (Examples of GP IIB/IIIA blockers)

79
Q

A vasodilator that inhibits platelet function by inhibiting adenosine uptake and phosphodiesterase activity; used in combination with warfarin and aspirin (Antiplatelet drugs)

A

Dipyridamole

80
Q

A newer phosphodiesterase inhibitor that promotes vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation; used as treatment of intermittent claudication (Antiplatelet drugs)

A

Cilostazol

81
Q

Drugs that rapidly lyse thrombi by catalyzing the formation of plasmin from its precursor zymogen, plasminogen

A

Fibrinolytics

82
Q

Synthesized by Group C beta-hemolytic streptococci (Examples of fibrinolytics)

A

Streptokinase

83
Q

Used in acute pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and acute myocardial infarction (Examples of fibrinolytics)

A

Streptokinase

84
Q

A human enzyme synthesized by the kidney that directly converts plasminogen to active plasmin (Examples of fibrinolytics)

85
Q

Used for lysis of pulmonary emboli (Examples of fibrinolytics)

86
Q

Anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC); considered to be a prodrug (Examples of fibrinolytics)

A

Anistreplase

87
Q

Includes alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase; are examples of fibrinolytics

A

Tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs)

88
Q

Recombinant human t-PA (Examples of tissue plasminogen activators)

89
Q

Another recombinant human t-PA from which several amino acid sequences have been deleted (Examples of tissue plasminogen activators)

90
Q

Mutant form of t-PA that has a longer half-life (Examples of tissue plasminogen activators)

A

Tenecteplase

91
Q

Preferentially activate plasminogen that is bound to fibrin (Examples of fibrinolytics)

A

Tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs)

92
Q

Used for treatment of myocardial infarction, massive pulmonary embolism, and acute ischemic stroke (Examples of fibrinolytics)

A

Tissue plasminogen activators (t-PAs)

93
Q

A synthetic inhibitor of fibrinolysis (Examples of antifibrinolytics)

A

Aminocaproic acid

94
Q

An analog of aminocaproic acid and has the same properties; 10x more potent (Examples of antifibrinolytics)

A

Tranexamic acid (Hemostan)

95
Q

A serine protease inhibitor that inhibits fibrinolysis by free plasmin (Examples of antifibrinolytics)

96
Q

Drugs used for adjunctive therapy in hemophilia and therapy for bleeding from fibrinolytic therapy

A

Antifibrinolytics

97
Q

Disorders that may have their origin in naturally occurring pathologic conditions or as a result of fibrinolytic states

A

Bleeding disorders

98
Q

Fat soluble substance found primarily in leafy green vegetables (Treatment for bleeding disorders)

99
Q

Also known as phytonadione; found in food (Natural forms of vitamin K)

A

Vitamin K1

100
Q

Also known as menaquinone; synthesized by intestinal bacteria (Natural forms of vitamin K)

A

Vitamin K2

101
Q

Is administered to all newborns and used for warfarin toxicity (Treatment for bleeding disorders)

102
Q

Used in hemophilia (Treatment for bleeding disorders)

A

Plasma fractions

103
Q

Bleeding disorder that results from a congenital deficiency in a plasma coagulation protein

A

Hemophilia

104
Q

Plasma fraction that contains all clotting factors

A

Fresh frozen plasma

105
Q

Plasma fraction that contains fibrinogen, factor VIII, vWF, and factor XIII

A

Cryoprecipitate

106
Q

Used for factor VII deficiency (Treatment for bleeding disorders)

A

Recombinant factor VIIa

PH 113 - Pharmacology 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions