MIDTERM 05 - Biotechnology

Question 1

Involves using living organisms, or the products of living organisms, for human benefit to make a product or solve a problem

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

Main genetic material of DNA (Prokaryotic DNA)

Answer 2

Nucleoid DNA

Question 3

Circular DNA which usually contains the bacterial resistance gene (Prokaryotic DNA)

Answer 3

Plasmid

Question 4

__________ are classified based on their genetic material

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

__________ are aromatic and strongly absorbs ultraviolet light

Answer 5

Nucleotide bases

Question 6

Nucleic acids are __________ in water

Answer 6

Soluble

Question 7

Nucleic acids are __________ in alcohol

Answer 7

Insoluble

Question 8

__________ requires stricter conditions to avoid RNA degradation

Answer 8

RNA isolation

Question 9

Absorption ratio range that indicates high RNA purity

Answer 9

1.9-2

Question 10

Absorption ratio range that indicates high DNA purity

Answer 10

1.6-1.8

Question 11

Relationship between DNA purity and proteins

Answer 11

Inversely proportional

Question 12

Pure DNA and RNA samples can be quantified spectrophotometrically using the __________

Answer 12

Beer-Lambert’s equation

Question 13

Refers to the movement of charged molecules/particles across a solution or matrix with the aid of an electric current

Answer 13

Electrophoresis

Question 14

Reaction that involves in vitro; is an important tool in molecular biology, biotechnology, and molecular diagnostics

Answer 14

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 15

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed by __________ in 1983

Answer 15

Kary B. Mullis

Question 16

The PCR is carried out in a __________, an instrument that automatically controls and alternates the temperatures for programmed periods of time for the appropriate number of PCR cycles

Answer 16

Thermocycler

Question 17

Contains the region of the DNA fragment to be amplified (Components of PCR tubes)

Answer 17

DNA template

Question 18

Determine the beginning and end of the region to be amplified (Components of PCR tubes)

Answer 18

Two primers

Question 19

Copies the region to be amplified (Components of PCR tubes)

Answer 19

DNA (Taq) polymerase

Question 20

From which the DNA polymerase builds the new DNA (Components of PCR tubes)

Answer 20

Nucleotides (dNTPs)

Question 21

Provides a suitable chemical environment for the DNA polymerase (Components of PCR tubes)

Answer 21

Buffer

Question 22

3 major steps in PCR (DAE)

Answer 22

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

Question 23

Temperature for denaturation stage of PCR

Answer 23

> 90°C

Question 24

Temperature for annealing stage of PCR

Answer 24

54°C

Question 25

Temperature for extension stage of PCR

Answer 25

72°C

Question 26

Refers to the process of manipulating genes of organisms to produce the desired characteristics in another organism

Answer 26

Genetic engineering

Question 27

Refers to a genetically identical population (may it be a gene, organism, virus, bacteria, or DNA)

Answer 27

Clone

Question 28

Refers to the process of creating genetically identical organisms

Answer 28

Cloning

Question 29

Refers to the process of combining DNA sequences or genes of two organisms

Answer 29

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 30

Are enzymes that cuts on specific palindromic sequences of the DNA

Answer 30

Restriction endonucleases

Question 31

Refers to a gene carrier; also known as cloning vehicle

Answer 31

Vectors

Question 32

Refers to the extra-chromosomal, self-replicating genetic elements in bacteria

Answer 32

Plasmids