FINAL 02 - Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

Refers to the mechanism by which the body regulates the level of glucose in the body

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

When there is high blood glucose levels, __________ is activated

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

When there is low blood glucose levels, ___________ is activated

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

The __________ is the glucostatic organ of the body

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

Hormone that promotes cellular glucose uptake; activates glycolysis, glycogenesis, and fatty acid synthesis

Answer 5

Insulin

Question 6

Hormone that promotes the breakdown of triglycerides; activates glycogenolysis, beta-oxidation pathway, and gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

Glucagon

Question 7

Insulin activates __________, __________, and __________ (GGF)

Answer 7

Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, Fatty acid synthesis

Question 8

Glucagon activates __________, __________, and __________ (GBG)

Answer 8

Glycogenolysis, Beta-oxidation pathway, Gluconeogenesis

Question 9

__________ can be regulated by high levels of glucose-6-phosphate, high ATP concentration, and high NADH/NAD+ ratio

Answer 9

Glycolysis

Question 10

__________ can be regulated by high acetyl-CoA levels, high ATP concentration, high NADH/NAD+ ratio, and high FADH2/FAD+ ratio

Answer 10

Kreb’s cycle

Question 11

__________ is the key enzyme in glycolysis

Answer 11

Phosphofructokinase

Question 12

A highly branched carbohydrate molecule which serves as the primary stored energy in animal cells

Answer 12

Glycogen

Question 13

Refers to the process of synthesis of glycogen from glucose units

Answer 13

Glycogenesis

Question 14

Refers to the process of breakdown of glycogen to form glucose units

Answer 14

Glycogenolysis

Question 15

__________ favors high ATP concentration in the cell and high glucose levels in the blood

Answer 15

Glycogenesis

Question 16

Substrate (Step 1 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

Enzyme (Step 1 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 17

Hexokinase

Question 18

Product (Step 1 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 18

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 19

Substrate (Step 2 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 19

Glucose-6-phosphate

Question 20

Enzyme (Step 2 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 20

Phosphoglucomutase

Question 21

Product (Step 2 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 21

Glucose-1-phosphate

Question 22

Substrate (Step 3 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 22

Glucose-1-phosphate

Question 23

Enzyme (Step 3 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 23

UDP-glucose phosphorylase

Question 24

Product (Step 3 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 24

UDP-glucose

Question 25

2 subtrates (Step 4 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 25

UDP-glucose, Glycogen primer

Question 26

Enzyme (Step 4 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 26

Glycogen synthase

Question 27

Product (Step 4 - Glycogenesis)

Answer 27

Glycogen

Question 28

Step 5 (Last step) in glycogenesis

Answer 28

Formation of branch

Question 29

__________ favors low ATP in the brain and muscles and declining blood glucose concentration

Answer 29

Glycogenolysis

Question 30

Phosphorylation of C1 of glucose at the non-reducing end of glycogen (Step in glycogenolysis)

Answer 30

Step 1

Question 31

Debranching of glycogen (Step in glycogenolysis)

Answer 31

Step 2

Question 32

Removal of glucose at the branch point (Step in glycogenolysis)

Answer 32

Step 3