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CCP 4 - Pharmaceutical Biochemistry (Lec) > MIDTERM 01 - Nucleotides, Nucleic Acid, and Heredity > Flashcards

MIDTERM 01 - Nucleotides, Nucleic Acid, and Heredity Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the transfer of characteristics from a parent organism from generation to generation

A

Heredity

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2
Q

The anatomical structure found in the nucleus which contains the genes

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Biochemical carriers of the traits

A

Genes

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4
Q

A collection of genes of an individual

A

Genome

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5
Q

Year when Gregor Mendel noted the inheritance of traits in peas

A

1867

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6
Q

In 1867, __________ noted the inheritance of traits in peas

A

Gregor Mendel

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7
Q

Year when Johann Freidrich Miescher discovered the DNA

A

1869

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8
Q

In 1869, __________ discovered the DNA

A

Johann Freidrich Miescher

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9
Q

Year when WS Sutton proposed the “Chromosome Theory”

A

1903

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10
Q

In 1903, __________ proposed the “Chromosome Theory”

A

WS Sutton

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11
Q

Year when Frederick Griffith noted the transformation in bacteria

A

1928

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12
Q

In 1928, __________ noted the transformation of bacteria

A

Frederick Griffith

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13
Q

Year when Oswald Avery, Collin Mcleod, and Maclyn McCarthy used degrading enzymes to determine the genetic material

A

1944

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14
Q

In 1944, __________, __________, and __________ used degrading enzymes to determine the genetic material

A

Oswald Avery, Collin Mcleod, Maclyn McCarthy

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15
Q

Year when Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase discovered that genetic material of bacteriophage are transferred to bacteria

A

1952

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16
Q

In 1952, __________ and __________ discovered that genetic material of bacteriophage are transferred to bacteria

A

Alfred Hershey, Martha Chase

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17
Q

Are the polymers of nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

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18
Q

2 types of nucleic acid

A

DNA, RNA

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19
Q

3 components of nucleotide

A

Phosphate, Ribose sugar, Nucleotide base

20
Q

A nucleotide without a phosphate group

A

Nucleoside

21
Q

2 types of nucleic acid base

A

Pyrimidine, Purine

22
Q

2 examples of purine bases

A

Adenine, Guanine

23
Q

3 examples of pyrimidine bases

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

24
Q

Nucleotide bases exhibit __________

A

Keto-enol tautomerism

25
Q

Bonds that connect the base and sugar at 1’ carbon

A

β-glycosidic bonds

26
Q

Bonds that link nucleotides to form nucleic acids

A

Phosphodiester bonds

27
Q

Direction of the polynucleotide strand

A

5’ → 3’

28
Q

Year when Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkens had “x-ray pictures” of DNA

A

1952

29
Q

In 1952, __________ and __________ had “x-ray pictures” of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkens

30
Q

Year when James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the model of the double helix of DNA

A

1953

31
Q

In 1953, __________ and __________ proposed the model of the double helix of DNA

A

James Watson, Francis Crick

32
Q

Formulated the “Chargaff rules”; states that the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine

A

Erwin Chargaff

33
Q

Diameter of the DNA

A

2 nm

34
Q

Distance between two base pairs

A

0.34 nm

35
Q

3 types of DNA

A

B-DNA, A-DNA, Z-DNA

36
Q

Refers to the further coiling and twisting of DNA helix

A

Supercoiling

37
Q

Is capable of cutting and rejoining the DNA ends to produce supercoils

A

Topoisomerase

38
Q

Is formed by DNA coiling to a histone octamer and locked by H1 histone protein

A

Nucleosome

39
Q

A protein that is rich in the basic amino acid Lysine and Arginine; found to be associated with eukaryotic DNA

A

Histone

40
Q

Is formed when nucleosomes form a helical coil

A

Solenoid

41
Q

Protein scaffolding forms the __________

A

Chromatin

42
Q

Is a measure of the base composition of DNA

A

Melting temperature (Tm)

43
Q

As DNA strands separate, absorbance at __________ nm increases

A

260 nm

44
Q

The smallest kind of RNA; carries an amino acid at its 3’ end

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

45
Q

A ribonucleic acid found in ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

46
Q

A ribonucleic acid that carries coded genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

CCP 4 - Pharmaceutical Biochemistry (Lec) (10 decks)

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