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CCP 4 - Pharmaceutical Biochemistry (Lec) > MIDTERM 03 - Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

MIDTERM 03 - Transcription and Translation Flashcards

1
Q

The process of synthesizing mRNA from genomic DNA

A

Transcription

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2
Q

Is the basic part of heredity; it is a part of the DNA that is involved in the synthesis of proteins including its regulation

A

Gene

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3
Q

The portion of the DNA which controls gene expression (Types of gene)

A

Regulatory gene

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4
Q

The portion of the DNA which is transcribed into mRNA (Types of gene)

A

Structural gene

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5
Q

3 stages of transcription (IET)

A

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

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6
Q

Are proteins that scans the DNA molecule and binds at the promoter region (Initiation phase)

A

TATA binding proteins

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7
Q

Is a sequence of nucleotides that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in eukaryotes

A

Hogness box (TATA)

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8
Q

Is a sequence of nucleotides that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in prokaryotes

A

Pribnow box (TATAAT)

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9
Q

__________ are factors that binds to the promoter region, recruiting the RNA polymerase in the close promoter complex (Initiation phase)

A

Sigma factor

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10
Q

__________ regulates the transcription by clearing the transcription basal complex allowing the start of transcription (Initiation phase)

A

Enhancers

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11
Q

Process that involves the addition of GMP in an inverted orientation

A

5’ Capping

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12
Q

The methylation of C7 at G is done by __________

A

Guanine methyltransferase

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13
Q

Is a specially altered nucleotide that prevents the 5’ end from being digested and aids in the transport of mRNA out of the nucleus

A

5’ Cap

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14
Q

Expressed DNA sequences are called __________

A

Exons

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15
Q

Intervening DNA sequences that are not expressed are called __________

A

Introns

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16
Q

__________ is a large RNA-protein complex that is made up of snRNAs

A

Spliceosome

17
Q

A __________ that is usually 100-200 nucleotides long is added to the 3’ end before the mRNA leaves the nucleus; this tail protects the mRNA from nucleases and phosphatases

A

Polyadenylate tail

18
Q

Process that involves the synthesis of polypeptides using the mRNA transcript as the template

A

Translation

19
Q

A __________ is composed of 3 bases in the mRNA which encode an amino acid

A

Codon

20
Q

An __________ is composed of 3 bases in the tRNA which is complementary to the codon

A

Anti-codon

21
Q

A codon related the genetic information to an amino acid which can be deciphered using the __________

A

Genetic code

22
Q

Means that a genetic code is made up of three nucleotide letters (Key features of the genetic code)

A

Triplet

23
Q

Means that the same letter is not used for two different codons (Key features of the genetic code)

A

Nonoverlapping

24
Q

Means that the genetic code is continuous and nonoverlapping (Key features of the genetic code)

A

Commaless

25
Q

Means that a single amino acid may be coded for by more than one codon (Key features of the genetic code)

A

Degenerate

26
Q

Means that almost every organism uses the same genetic code (Key features of the genetic code)

A

Universal

27
Q

In __________, initiation factors, ribosomes, and f-met tRNA bind to the mRNA

A

Chain initiation

28
Q

3 termination sequence codons

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

29
Q

Refers to the covalent modifications or introduction of organic moieties to the polypeptide

A

Post-translational modification

30
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the process of transcription

A

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

31
Q

4 ribonucleoside triphosphates (CUGA)

A

CTP, UTP, GTP, ATP

32
Q

A __________ is not needed in RNA synthesis, but a DNA template is needed

A

Primase

CCP 4 - Pharmaceutical Biochemistry (Lec) (14 decks)

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