MIDTERM 02 - Evaluating Written Texts Flashcards
__________ entails a deeper, more analytical sort of engagement
Effective reading
Writing your feelings and ideas in reaction to your reading assignment (Critical reading strategies)
Keeping a reading journal
Making notes on your copy of the reading (Critical reading strategies)
Annotating the text
Creating a rough outline of the text is helpful in understanding the text more critically (Critical reading strategies)
Outlining the text
__________ helps in evaluating the quality of the writing
Outlining
Know your limits when it comes to vocabulary, understanding the important ideas presented, connecting ideas to form logical conclusions, etc. (Critical reading strategies)
Monitor comprehension
Be aware of how you process thinking (Critical reading strategies)
Metacognition
Includes maps, graphs, frames, clusters, webs, storyboards, Venn diagrams, etc. (Critical reading strategies)
Graphic organizers
Is similar to outlining, in that you need to get the gist, but here, you need to write in complete sentences and in paragraphs (Critical reading strategies)
Summarizing the text
Involves asking specific questions on points that you are skeptical about (Critical reading strategies)
Questioning the text & answering questions
Refers to information that is directly stated and clearly written and explained
Explicit information
Refers to information that is implied but not stated outright
Implicit information
Refers to the central argument or thesis statement of the text
Claim
Are flawed, deceptive, or false arguments that can be proven wrong with reasoning
Logical fallacies
2 types of fallacies
Formal, Informal
Refers to a flaw in the structure of the argument (Types of fallacies)
Formal fallacy
Refers to a flaw in the substance of the argument (Types of fallacies)
Informal fallacy
Fallacy that uses personal attacks rather than logic (Examples of fallacy)
Ad hominem
Refers to throwing insults and accusations to damage the reputation of an opponent
Mudslinging
Fallacy that takes place when an arguer tries to get people to accept a conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone (Examples of fallacy)
Appeal to pity
Fallacy that argues that a proposition must be true because it has not been proven false or there is no evidence against it (Examples of fallacy)
Appeal to ignorance (Ad ignorantiam)
Fallacy that presents limited options, typically by focusing on two extremes when in fact more possibilities exist (Examples of fallacy)
False dichotomy/dilemma
Fallacy that assumes that a certain course of action will necessarily lead to a chain of future events (Examples of fallacy)
Slippery slope
Fallacy that occurs when a person’s argument repeats what they already assumed before without arriving at a new conclusion (Examples of fallacy)
Circular argument
Are arguments that often use a claim as both a premise and a conclusion
Circular arguments
Fallacy that is a claim based on a few examples rather than substantial proof (Examples of fallacy)
Hasty generalization
Fallacy that is a conclusion that assumes that if ‘A’ occurred after ‘B’ then ‘B’ must have caused ‘A’ (Examplea of fallacy)
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Fallacy that is a conclusion based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute, or theory determine its character, nature, or worth (Examples of fallacy)
Genetic fallacy
Fallacy that focuses on the hypocrisy of an opponent; is an attempt to divert blame (Examples of fallacy)
Appeal to hypocrisy/Tu quoque fallacy
Fallacy that is the misuse of an authority’s opinion to support an argument (Examples of fallacy)
Appeal to authority
Fallacy that assumes something is true because others agree with it (Examples of fallacy)
Bandwagon fallacy/Ad populum
Fallacy that compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities, suggesting that both are equally immoral (Examples of fallacy)
Moral equivalence
Refers to the social, cultural, political, historical, and other related circumstances that surround the text
Context
