Midsemester test Flashcards
Name the following structures in the pictures below:
A. Name the sac like structure
B. Name the circular structure
C. Name the looped sac
D. Name the small slits
E.) Is the embryo on the right older of younger, provide reasoning
A. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
B. Optic vesicle/cup
C. Heart/Ventricle
D. Brachial arches
E) Younger (not as curled)
Name the structures in the images shown below:
A.) Identify the structure A
B.) Name the embryonic germ layer from which A is derived
C.) Identify the structure labelled B
D.) Name the embryonic germ layer from which B is derived
E.) Name the structure C
F.) Name the structure D
A. Kidney/ Mesonephric tubules
B. Mesoderm
C. Liver
D. Endoderm
E. Neural tube
F. Somites
Name the structures shown in the image below:
A-D) Name the layers of the epidermis A, B, C, D
E) Name the strucutre
F) Name the substance
A.) Stratum Corneum
B.) Stratum Granulosum
C.) Stratum Spinosum
D.) Stratum Basale
E.) Sebacceous gland
F.) Collagen
Name the following structures:
A-C) Layers
D) Structure indicated by it
E-F) Primary epidermal lamellae, secondary epidermal lamellae
A) Stratum Medium
B) Stratum Lamellatum
C) Dermis
D) Tubular horn
E) Primary epidermal lamellae
F) Secondary epidermal lamellae
For each of the following name the type of blood cell and state a function of it:
A) Lymphocyte- immune response
B) Neutrophil- killing bacteria
C) Eosinophil- regulate allergic and inflammatory reactions
In normal embryological developement, which one of these steps occurs last?
A.) Gastrulation
B.) Neuropore closure
C.) Blastocyst formation
D.) Implantation
E.) Somite formation
Neuropore closure
Which one of the following structures is not derived from the ectoderm?
A) Ranthke’s pouch
B) Lens
C) Dermis
D) Tooth Enamel
E) Retina
Dermis
Which ONE of the following defect is associated with failure of normal neonatal closure, and not a failure of normal embryological developement?
A) Patent foramen ovale
B) Ventricular septal defect
C) Tetralogy of the fallot
D) Persistant right aortic arch
E) Atrial septal defect
A) Patent foramen ovale
Which one of the following statements about red blood cells is correct?
A) Reticulocytes are the mutlipotent haematopoietic stem cell from which erythrocytes are derived
B) Megakaryocytes are stored mainly in the spleen
C) The numbers of macrophages in blood increase in response to inflammation
D) Part of the mature segmented neutrophil pool is marginated in blood vessels
E) Eosinophils survive in the blood for months, providing protection against bacterial and viral agents
D) Part of the mature segmented neutrophil pool is marginated in blood vessels
Which one of the following is the correct order of events that occurs in haemostasis?
A) Primary platelet response; thrombin generation; vascular spasm; fibrin generation; fibrinolysis
B) Primary platelet response; vascular spasm; thrombin generation; fibrin formation; fibrinolysis
C.) Vascular spasm; thrombin generation; fibrin formation; primary platelet response; fibrinolysis
D.) Primary platelet response; fibrin formation; fibrinolysis; vascular spasm; thrombin generation
E) Vascular spasm; primary platelet response; thrombin generation; fibrin formation; fibrinolysis
E) Vascular spasm; primary platelet response; thrombin generation; fibrin formation; fibrinolysis
Which one of the following is a correct statement about lymphocytes?
A) Lymph nodes are involved in differentiation and proliferation of only B-cell lymphocytes
B) Lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation stages occur in lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues
C) T lymphocytes are responsible for the production of anti-bodies
D) Lymphocytes are not directly involved in the immune response process, but they have phagocytic ability
E) Lymphocytes arise from a common lymphoid progenitor in lymph nodes
B) Lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation stages occur in lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues
Which of the following is not a pre-existing barrier preventing the entrance of pathogens into the body?
A) Beating of cilia on the mucosal surface
B) Dryness and thickness of the epidermal epithelia
C) Lysozyme secretion in tears
D) Neutrophil phagocytosis in the tissue
E) Competition for attachement by normal microbial flora
D) Neutrophil phagocytosis in the tissue
If you fell over in the dirt and grazed your skin, which of the following tissue immune events would be occuring at the tissue site in the first couple of minutes after you fall?
A) Resident macrophages would begin phagocytosing any dirt particles and bacteria
B) M2 macrophages would begin the wound healing response at the injury site
C) Resident macrophages would begin presenting bacterial peptides to the helper T cells
D) MI macrophages would be producing large quantities of the cytokine IL-8 and recruiting T-cells and monocytes to the site of the wound
E) Neutrophils woudl begin phagocytosing any dirt particles and bacteria
A) Resident macrophages would begin phagocytosing any dirt particles and bacteria
If you wanted to examine the developement of naive lymphocytes in the body, in which of the following lymphoid tissues would you look?
A) In the thymus for the T cells and in the lymph nodes for the B cells
B) In the thymus for B cells and the bone marrow for T cells
C) In the spleen for B cells and the bone marrow for T cells
D) In the bone marrow for B cells and in the lymph nodes for T cells
E) In the bone marrow for B cells and in the thymus for the T cells
E) In the bone marrow for B cells and in the thymus for the T cells
Which of the following is not found in the epidermis?
A) Melanocytes
B) Keratin
C) Collagen
D) Desmosomes
E) Antigen presenting cells
C) Collagen
Name the embryological structures from A-D:
Structure A = lung bud
Structure B = pancreas
Structure C = Vitalline duct
Structure D = Cloaca (urogenital sinus)
Name the structures in the image below:
A-D
A) Yolk sac
B) Amnion
C) Allantois
D) Chorion
