Lecture 21

Question 1

Briefly describe the tissue structure found internally within the vagina:

Answer 1

1. Serosa/adventitia 2. Stratified non-keratinising squamous epithelium 3. scattered mucous and non-serous glands

Question 2

Describe the changes that occur during the pro-oestrus stage of development to the vaginal epithelium:

Answer 2

epithlium: thickens and cornifies to become stratified squamous epithelium, some red blood cells and some neutrophils will be present

structure of the cells: the cytoplasm: nucleus ratio is very high

Question 3

Describe the changes that occur during oestrus to the vaginal eptithelium:

Answer 3

epithelium: many layered and cornified stratified squamous epithelium will be present

structure of the cells: mostly annucleate squames

Question 4

Describe the changes that will occur to the epithelium during the diostrus phase:

Answer 4

epithelium: begins thins out and some neutrophils will be present
nuclei: the nuclei will appear to have significantly less cytoplasm, some neutrophils may be present

Question 5

Describe the changes that will occur to the epithelium during the anosterous phase:

Answer 5

epithelium: 2 to 4 layers of cuboidal epithelium
cells: parabasal cells

Question 6

What is the name of the stage that is pictured below?

Answer 6

proestrus

Question 7

What is the name of the stage that is pictured below?

Answer 7

oestrus

Question 8

Name the stage that is pictured below:

Answer 8

dioestrus

Question 9

Name the stage that is pictured below:

Answer 9

anoestrous

Question 10

Name the implantation pattern below and state a species that has this implantation pattern

Answer 10

centric- carnivors

Question 11

Examine the implanatation pattern below and suggest a species that uses this implantation pattern:

Answer 11

eccentric- used by rats

Question 12

Name the implantation pattern and name one species that uses this type of implantation pattern:

Answer 12

interstitual, small blastocyst errodes the endometrial tissue

Question 13

What are the main functions of the placenta?

Answer 13

• embryonic/fetal support
• endocrine functions (steroid and protein hormones)
• maternal immunity (immunglobin) transfer

Question 14

Name the different types of placenta that are pictured below:

Answer 14

1. diffuse
2. cotylodonary
3. zonary
4. discoid

Question 15

Name this method of maternal-fetal seperation and provide an example of a species that uses it:

Answer 15

epitheliochorial- horses/pigs

Question 16

Name this method of maternal-fetal seperation and provide an example of a species that uses it:

Answer 16

synepitheliochorial- ruminants

Question 17

Name this method of maternal-fetal seperation and provide an example of a species that uses it:

Answer 17

endotheliochorial

Question 18

What is the name of the maternal/fetal separation wherby the trophoblast is in contact with the blood directly?

Answer 18

hemochorial

Question 19

Name the following components in the diagram below:

Answer 19

1. fetal endothelium
2. maternal endothelium
3. fetal connective tissues
4. trophoblast
5. uterine epithelium
6. maternal connective tissues

Question 20

What are endometrial cups and what is the function of them?

Answer 20

these are invading areas of trophoblast and the main function of them is to secrete equine chorionic gonadotropin