Middle Childhood Flashcards
Growth milestones:
height:
weight:
body:
height: 2-3 inches per year
weight: 5-8 lbs per year
Body proportions change relative size of head decreases and muscle mass replaces baby fat.
general gains in these 4 motor capacities:
- flexibility (ligaments not fully adhered yet)
- balance (lowered COG)
- agility (faster, more accurate movements)
- force (development of large mm/mm groups)
______ promotes physical and mental growth.
physical activity
school-aged children should get ___ minutes a day of physical activity
60 minutes
the average 7-10 yr old needs # cal/day. Should be a well balanced diet.
2400
Childhood obesity has ____ since the 1970s
tripled
_/5 children (6-19yo) are obese
1/5
A person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Children BMI:
- less than 5th percentile = _____
- between the 5th and less than the 85th percentile = _____
- 85th percentile to less than 95th percentile = _____
- equal to, or greater than the 95th percentile = _____.
- underweight
- healthy weight
- overweight
- obese
4 effects of childhood obesity
- risk of developing chronic diseases
- lifelong inactivity
- altered bone development
- emotional and social problems
5 contributing factors to obesity:
- energy intake balance
- physical activity
- sedentary behavior
- environmental influences
- genetics
children ages 7-11yo are in Piaget’s _____ stage
3rd stage, concrete operational stage
5 qualities of Piaget’s concrete operational thought stage
- improved logical thought
- improved attention: selective and adaptive
- memory strategies
- improved reading and writing skills
Piaget’s _____ stage:
- children become less egocentric
- children are able to reverse their thinking because they have acquired mental operations, which are actions that can be performed on objects or ideas, and that consistently yield a result.
- thinking is limited to the tangible and real
Pieget’s 3rd stage. Concrete-operational period
Piaget’s ___ stage:
- adolescents are able to apply psychological operations to abstract entities
- using deductive reasoning, adolescents understand that conclusions are based on facts
Piaget’s 4th stage. Formal-operational thought
________ focus on the means by which children store information in permanent memory and retrieve it when needed later.
information-processing psychologists
3 memory strategies to learn new information:
- rehearsal
- organization
- elaboration
effective use of strategies for learning and remembering begins with an analysis of the goals of any learning task and includes monitoring one’s performance
metacognition
informal; language of conversation. Girls>boys
rapport talk
formal; language of giving information. Boys>girls
report talk
monitor performance in a mental activity and redirect when necessary
cognitive self-regulation
The foundations of reading include _____ and ______
letter recognition and phonological awareness
once individual words are recognized, reading begins to have a lot in common with understanding speech.
Children become more skilled at recognizing words, allowing effort to be devoted to comprehension
comprehension
3 factors of writing development
- knowledge about topics
- organizing writing
- mechanical requirements of writing
effective revising requires being able to detect problems and knowing how to correct them, skills that improve with age and experience
mechanical requirements of writing
understanding who we are. develops from experiences and comparisons made to others
self-understanding
4 factors of self-esteem
- academic competence
- social competence
- physical/athletic competence
- physical appearance
strong desire for group belonging
development of true friendships: 1-3 other kids
peer relationships
perspective taking - step into someone else’s shoes
understanding reasons behind social conventions
moral development
decreased interactions with parents/family
parents shift into supervision/cooperative relationship
family influences
