Middle Childhood Flashcards
Growth milestones:
height:
weight:
body:
height: 2-3 inches per year
weight: 5-8 lbs per year
Body proportions change relative size of head decreases and muscle mass replaces baby fat.
general gains in these 4 motor capacities:
- flexibility (ligaments not fully adhered yet)
- balance (lowered COG)
- agility (faster, more accurate movements)
- force (development of large mm/mm groups)
______ promotes physical and mental growth.
physical activity
school-aged children should get ___ minutes a day of physical activity
60 minutes
the average 7-10 yr old needs # cal/day. Should be a well balanced diet.
2400
Childhood obesity has ____ since the 1970s
tripled
_/5 children (6-19yo) are obese
1/5
A person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Children BMI:
- less than 5th percentile = _____
- between the 5th and less than the 85th percentile = _____
- 85th percentile to less than 95th percentile = _____
- equal to, or greater than the 95th percentile = _____.
- underweight
- healthy weight
- overweight
- obese
4 effects of childhood obesity
- risk of developing chronic diseases
- lifelong inactivity
- altered bone development
- emotional and social problems
5 contributing factors to obesity:
- energy intake balance
- physical activity
- sedentary behavior
- environmental influences
- genetics
children ages 7-11yo are in Piaget’s _____ stage
3rd stage, concrete operational stage
5 qualities of Piaget’s concrete operational thought stage
- improved logical thought
- improved attention: selective and adaptive
- memory strategies
- improved reading and writing skills
Piaget’s _____ stage:
- children become less egocentric
- children are able to reverse their thinking because they have acquired mental operations, which are actions that can be performed on objects or ideas, and that consistently yield a result.
- thinking is limited to the tangible and real
Pieget’s 3rd stage. Concrete-operational period
Piaget’s ___ stage:
- adolescents are able to apply psychological operations to abstract entities
- using deductive reasoning, adolescents understand that conclusions are based on facts
Piaget’s 4th stage. Formal-operational thought
________ focus on the means by which children store information in permanent memory and retrieve it when needed later.
information-processing psychologists
3 memory strategies to learn new information:
- rehearsal
- organization
- elaboration
effective use of strategies for learning and remembering begins with an analysis of the goals of any learning task and includes monitoring one’s performance
metacognition
informal; language of conversation. Girls>boys
rapport talk
formal; language of giving information. Boys>girls
report talk
monitor performance in a mental activity and redirect when necessary
cognitive self-regulation
The foundations of reading include _____ and ______
letter recognition and phonological awareness
once individual words are recognized, reading begins to have a lot in common with understanding speech.
Children become more skilled at recognizing words, allowing effort to be devoted to comprehension
comprehension
3 factors of writing development
- knowledge about topics
- organizing writing
- mechanical requirements of writing
