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PTA 105 Growth and Development > Middle Childhood > Flashcards

Middle Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Growth milestones:
height:
weight:
body:

A

height: 2-3 inches per year
weight: 5-8 lbs per year

Body proportions change relative size of head decreases and muscle mass replaces baby fat.

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2
Q

general gains in these 4 motor capacities:

A
  • flexibility (ligaments not fully adhered yet)
  • balance (lowered COG)
  • agility (faster, more accurate movements)
  • force (development of large mm/mm groups)
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3
Q

______ promotes physical and mental growth.

A

physical activity

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4
Q

school-aged children should get ___ minutes a day of physical activity

A

60 minutes

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5
Q

the average 7-10 yr old needs # cal/day. Should be a well balanced diet.

A

2400

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6
Q

Childhood obesity has ____ since the 1970s

A

tripled

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7
Q

_/5 children (6-19yo) are obese

A

1/5

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8
Q

A person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters

A

Body Mass Index (BMI)

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9
Q

Children BMI:

  1. less than 5th percentile = _____
  2. between the 5th and less than the 85th percentile = _____
  3. 85th percentile to less than 95th percentile = _____
  4. equal to, or greater than the 95th percentile = _____.
A
  1. underweight
  2. healthy weight
  3. overweight
  4. obese
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10
Q

4 effects of childhood obesity

A
  • risk of developing chronic diseases
  • lifelong inactivity
  • altered bone development
  • emotional and social problems
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11
Q

5 contributing factors to obesity:

A
  • energy intake balance
  • physical activity
  • sedentary behavior
  • environmental influences
  • genetics
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12
Q

children ages 7-11yo are in Piaget’s _____ stage

A

3rd stage, concrete operational stage

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13
Q

5 qualities of Piaget’s concrete operational thought stage

A
  • improved logical thought
  • improved attention: selective and adaptive
  • memory strategies
  • improved reading and writing skills
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14
Q

Piaget’s _____ stage:

  • children become less egocentric
  • children are able to reverse their thinking because they have acquired mental operations, which are actions that can be performed on objects or ideas, and that consistently yield a result.
  • thinking is limited to the tangible and real
A

Pieget’s 3rd stage. Concrete-operational period

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15
Q

Piaget’s ___ stage:

  • adolescents are able to apply psychological operations to abstract entities
  • using deductive reasoning, adolescents understand that conclusions are based on facts
A

Piaget’s 4th stage. Formal-operational thought

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16
Q

________ focus on the means by which children store information in permanent memory and retrieve it when needed later.

A

information-processing psychologists

17
Q

3 memory strategies to learn new information:

A
  1. rehearsal
  2. organization
  3. elaboration
18
Q

effective use of strategies for learning and remembering begins with an analysis of the goals of any learning task and includes monitoring one’s performance

A

metacognition

19
Q

informal; language of conversation. Girls>boys

A

rapport talk

20
Q

formal; language of giving information. Boys>girls

A

report talk

21
Q

monitor performance in a mental activity and redirect when necessary

A

cognitive self-regulation

22
Q

The foundations of reading include _____ and ______

A

letter recognition and phonological awareness

23
Q

once individual words are recognized, reading begins to have a lot in common with understanding speech.

Children become more skilled at recognizing words, allowing effort to be devoted to comprehension

A

comprehension

24
Q

3 factors of writing development

A
  • knowledge about topics
  • organizing writing
  • mechanical requirements of writing
25
Q

effective revising requires being able to detect problems and knowing how to correct them, skills that improve with age and experience

A

mechanical requirements of writing

26
Q

understanding who we are. develops from experiences and comparisons made to others

A

self-understanding

27
Q

4 factors of self-esteem

A
  • academic competence
  • social competence
  • physical/athletic competence
  • physical appearance
28
Q

strong desire for group belonging

development of true friendships: 1-3 other kids

A

peer relationships

29
Q

perspective taking - step into someone else’s shoes

understanding reasons behind social conventions

A

moral development

30
Q

decreased interactions with parents/family

parents shift into supervision/cooperative relationship

A

family influences

PTA 105 Growth and Development (9 decks)

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