Adolescence Flashcards
physical onset of adolescence is marked by the changes that occur during ____.
puberty
biological events leading to adult-sized body and sexual maturity
puberty
at puberty is more rapid than at any other time of life except infancy
rate of development
age on onset of puberty in
girls:
boys:
girls: about 10 years
boys: about 12 years
physical changes during puberty
height:
weight:
height: increase 10-12 inches
weight: increase 50-75 pounds
physical development is influenced by:
- hormones
- genetics
- nutrition
stimulates cell replication and cell growth
targets many cells in body - preferential to bone an muscle cells
growth hormone
hormone:
- stimulates sexual maturity
- primary sex characteristics: reproductive organ development
- secondary sex characteristics: internal signs of reproductive development
testosterone/estrogen
girls
- peak growth spurt achieved around # to # years
- peak muscular performance spurt reached around # to # years
- ______ and _____ widens to ready for child-bearing
- increased ____ deposition
- 10 - 13.5 years
- 11 - 14 years
- pelvis and pelvic outlets
- fat
boys
- peak growth spurt achieved around # years
- peak muscular development spurt reached around # years
- increased growth in _____.
- increase ______deposition
- Adult stature reached around # years
- 14 years
- 16 years
- shoulders
- muscle
- 15.5 years
______ contributes significantly to the timing of biological changes that occur in puberty
heredity/genetics
nutrition:
increase in _______ stimulates puberty. I decrease in this will delay the start of puberty.
During peak growth spurt boys require 2700 cal/day and girls require 2200 cal/today
adipose tissue
No distinct, agreed upon end of puberty. Possible markers include (2):
- closure of epiphyseal plates
- maximum height/adult stature achieved
changes in motor skill performance correlate with physical growth:
fine motor skills are:
- negligible development in adolescence
- smooth, fluid arm and hand movements
gross motor skills during this time are:
- refined calibration of movements
- refined and matured bilateral coordination skills
per CDC reccommended exercise:
60 min or more of physical activity daily
formal operational stage: developed ability for abstract, systematic and scientific thinking
- don’t need concrete items or objects
- can evaluate logical statements without referring to real-world circumstances
- cognitive skills allow for the transfer and adaptation of previously learned tasks to new environments
- improved temporal organization
ability to understand sequencing of time and plan an activity from start to finish (ie. doing laundry)
temporal organization
during adolescence:
- adult-like working memory, cognitive processing, and speed
- adult-like knowledge and understanding
- problem solving more readily and analytically
teenagers become quite concerned with what others think of them
perspective taking
5 stages of perspective taking:
- undifferentiated
- social-informational
- self-reflective
- third-person
- societal
altered decision making:
- decreased rational thinking during decisions
- emphasize short-term goals rather than long term goals
identity development:
- vision of self becomes more complex
- changes to self-esteem linked to peer relationships and athletic capacities
- need for autonomy = sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual
achieving and searching for an identity:
- phases/statuses include diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement
- adolescent egocentrism
- imaginary audience
- personal fable
influences on adolescent development (4):
- peers
- parents
- media
- ability to understand others
