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PTA 105 Growth and Development > ch 3 > Flashcards

ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

unlearned responses triggered by specific stimulation

A

reflexes

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2
Q

Newborn health assessment that measures 5 vital signs: breathing, heart rate, muscle tone, presence of reflexes, and skin tone.

A

Apgar score

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3
Q

Apgar score must be # or higher to indicate that the baby is in good physical condition

A

7

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4
Q

comprehensive newborn assessment scale that provides a detailed report of newborn to 24 month-old’s behavior.

A

Neonatal Behavioral Assessment (NBA)

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5
Q

The NBA includes 28 behavioral items along with 18 items that test reflexes. The baby’s performance is used to evaluate the functioning of these 4 systems:

A
  • autonomic
  • motor
  • state (ability to maintain state)
  • social
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6
Q

The 4 newborn states:

A
  • Alert inactivity
  • Waking activity
  • Crying
  • Sleeping
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7
Q

the state which a baby is calm, with eyes open and attentive, and seems to be deliberately inspecting its environment

A

alert inactivity

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8
Q

the state in which a baby’s eyes are open but seem unfocused while the arms or legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motion

A

waking activity

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9
Q

the state in which a baby cries vigorously, usually accompanied by agitated but uncoordinated movement

A

crying

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10
Q

the state in which a baby alternates from being still and breathing regularly to moving gently and breathing irregularly, with the eyes closed throughout

A

sleeping

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11
Q

a cry that starts softly, gradually becomes more intense, and is often heard when babies are hungry or tired.

A

basic cry

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12
Q

a more intense version of a basic cry

A

mad cry

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13
Q

Newborns sleep 16 to 18 hours a day and typically go through a cycle of wakefulness and sleep about every # hours.

A

4 hours

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14
Q

roughly half of a newborns’ sleep period is __________. _____ sleep drops to about 33% by the child’s first birthday

A

irregular, or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

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15
Q

a cry that begins with a sudden long burst, followed by a long pause and gasping

A

pain cry

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16
Q

sleep in which an infant’s eyes dart rapidly beneath the eyelids while the body is quite active

A

irregular or rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM)

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17
Q

sleep in which heart rate, breathing, and brain activity are steady

A

regular (non-REM) sleep

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18
Q

SIDS occurs in infants ___ to ____ old. Most SIDS deaths are between # and # months of age due to waning reflexes.

A
  • 1 to 12 months

- 2 and 4 months

19
Q

a consistent style or pattern of behavior

A

temperament

20
Q

Rothbart’s theory on temperament includes 3 dimensions:

A
  • surgency/extroversion (extent to which child is happy, active, vocal, seeks stimulation)
  • negative affect (extent to which child is angry, fearful, frustrated, shy, and easily soothed)
  • Effortful control (extent to which child focuses attention, is not readily distracted, and can inhibit responses)
21
Q

infants ____ their birth weight by 3 months of age and triple it by their first birthday

A

double

22
Q

At roughly 3 weeks after conception, a group of cells form a flat structure known as the _____.

A

neural plate

23
Q

As the number of dendrites increases, so does the number of synapses, reaching a peak around the first birthday. Soon after, synapses disappear gradually, a phenomenon known as ________.

A

synaptic pruning

24
Q

the process by which the wiring of the brain is organized by experiences that are common to most humans

A

experience-expectant growth

25
Q

By # months infants can sit alone, by # months they can creep, and by # months they can walk with assistance.

A

7 months, 10 months, 14 months

26
Q

coordinated movements of the muscles and limbs

A

motor skills

27
Q

the ability to move around in the world

A

locomotion

28
Q

body movements associated with grasping, holding, and manipulating objects

A

fine motor skills

29
Q

the theory that views motor development as involving many distinct skills that are organized and reorganized over time to meet specific needs

A

dynamic systems theory

30
Q

distinguishing and mastering individual motions

A

differentiation

31
Q

linking individual motions into a coherent, coordinated whole

A

integration

32
Q

Newborns have a ____ sense of smell. They respond positively to pleasant smells and negatively to unpleasant smells.

A

keen, good

33
Q

Newborns have a highly developed sense of taste: they readily differentiate ____, ____, and ____ sweet tastes.

A

salty, sour, bitter

34
Q

newborns and 1-month-olds see at ____ feet what normal adults see at 200 to 400 feet.

A

20 feet

35
Q

processes by which the brain receives, selects, modifies, and organizes incoming nerve impulses that are the result of physical stimulation

A

perception

36
Q

a glass-covered platform that appears to have a “shallow” side and a “deep” side and is used to study infants’ depth perception

A

visual cliff

37
Q

a kinetic cue to depth perception that is based on an object filling an ever-greater proportion of the retina as it moves closer

A

visual expansion

38
Q

a kinetic cue to depth perception based on nearby objects moving across our visual field faster than distant moving objects

A

motion parallax

39
Q

a way of inferring depth based on differences in the retinal images in the left and right eyes

A

retinal disparity

40
Q

cues to depth perception that are used to convey depth in drawings and paintings

A

pictorial cues

41
Q

a cue to depth perception based on parallel lines coming together at a single point in the distance

A

linear perspective

42
Q

a perceptual cue to depth based on the texture of objects changing from coarse and distinct for nearby objects to finer and less distinct for distant objects

A

texture gradient

43
Q

being attuned to information presented simultaneously to different sensory modes

A

intersensory redundancy

44
Q

ideas about connections between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behavior that create an intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior

A

theory of mind

PTA 105 Growth and Development (9 decks)

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