Middle Ages Flashcards
3 separate time periods of the middle ages
Early middle ages
High Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
when was the early middle ages
500-1000
begins at the end of the Roman Empire
When were the High middle ages
1000-1350 A.D
Late Middle Ages
1350- 1500 AD
by the 13th century, how was Europe more civilized than in the 500
great cities
Government and legal systems
Universities
Buildings, castles, cathedrals
Why are the middle ages often referred to as the “Dark” Age
few documents survived from this era
Those that we have are very primitive
What were the germanic tribes
tribes who conquered Britain and settled there
who was part of the Germanic Tribes
Angles
Saxons
jutes
franks
settles in modern-day France, Belgium and Western Germany
who was Clovis
leader of the Franks around 500 AD
who did Clovis marry
a christian women
how did the franks pay taxes
with farm products instead of money
What was the Frankish kingdom divided into
provinces
what was each province ruled by
a count
what did Frankish kings allow the kingdom to be ruled by
a government called Mayor of the Palace
who was Pepin
mayor of the palace
who was pepins son
Charles Martel
who was Charles Martels son
Pepin the Short
who became the ruler of the Franks
Pepin the short
what land did Pepin the short gain and because of what
italy; because of his roman Catholicism
What was the battle of tours
battle between Charles Martel and the muslims
who won the battle of tours
charles martel
what resulted from the battle of tours
a tax resulted
what were farms called in latin
villas
law
combination of Roman and germanic law
what was the trial of ordeal
test to determine if a person was guilty or innocent
what were some of the trials of ordeal
burning and seeing if the person heals
walking on ash
throwing them into water to see if they sink or swim
what language was used by the church
latin
vernacular
the dialect of common people
what is current day gaul
france
Clovis’ heirs
the empire was passed to his four sons
wars continued for 150 years
germanic customs
land was divided equally among all four sons
led to smaller plots and more wars
in 687 AD who became the mayor of the palace and the unintended leader of the empire
Pepin of Heristal
who did Charles Martel defeat
The spanish muslims
what were the spanish muslims known as
moors
how did the franks help the pope
fights the Lombards who were going after the pope
what did Pepin due with the new conquered land he got from the lombards
he gave it to the pope
what did the conquered land from the lombards become known as
papal states
who were pep ins ttwo sons
charles and Carloman
when was Charlemagne crowned by the pope
christmas day in 800 AD
what prospered under Charl
christianity and education
Who did Charl defeat
Avars and the Saxons
how did charl prepare for his death
dividing his empire among his sons
who was charl sole surviving son who got the entire empire when charl died
Louis the Pious
what is the treaty of Verdun
the empire is ultimately divided among three of Louis’ sons after his death in 842 AD
who were Louis’ sons
Charles the Bald
Lothair
Louis the German
what happened to western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire
There were civil wars between people
the economy switched the goods as forms as money; they could use money because people were divided and trade routes were all messed up so it wasn’t safe
Christianity survived, latin language, roman law
what was the relationship between the church and Clovis
He was the Ruler of the Church
tried to be in cahoots with the church
his wife wanted him to convert so he did
Him being baptized was significant because his people were polytheistic, he set a precedent for people to follow
Why did the mayor of the palace become important in the Kingdom of the franks
each person ran their own sections; they were being corrupt so there had to be accountability in their government
what were some of Charlemagne’s main goals when he came the king of the franks
he pushed for education because he thought that everyone should have the opportunity to be educated; not everyone had the opportunity
was only for boys; no education for girls
he promoted christianity; wanted to expand the empire, he succeeded
What happened to Western Europe after Charlemagne’s heirs came to power
everything got divided and bad things began to happen
there was warfare between everybody
Who was Charles and what was his role in preserving Christianity in western Europe
Leader in the attack of Battle of Tours; he won
How did Pepin the short help the pope
He kicked out the Lombards and took over the land he won; he gave that land to the pope
known as the papal states
What was the difference between a lord and a serf
lord: power, owned land; people working on it
Serf: lowest form of people, could not leave the land without permission of the Lords
Who were they Minstrels and what was their function
they were traveling musicians
went to places to tell stories and to entertain people
What country became the center of Celtic culture
Ireland
Why did the Romans have trouble ruling Britain
the celts who lies there were very resistant
the roman were called away to rule the homeland
Why did Alfred the Great pay the Danes to leave England alone
his army wasn’t strong enough yet
what was a shire in Britain
a district in Britain
what was the role of a serif
they would look over the Shire; would enforce the law, report back to the king
what was a coracle
an irish boat
in viking culture, what was a Jarl
a military leader
in viking culture, who were berserkers
they were viking fighters
origin of the word came from the word bear skin; berserk
how were they Berserkers paid
whatever money and gold that was found was split between them all
where did the danes come from
Sweden and Denmark
