Mid Term Exam Questions(Chapters 12 and 13)

Question 1

The Italian Renaissance was primarily

Answer 1

a recovery of rebirth of antiquity and Greco Roman culture

Question 2

The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from

Answer 2

trade

Question 3

According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

Answer 3

a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of a modern world

Question 4

The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance was the

Answer 4

Medici

Question 5

What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?

Answer 5

Hanseatic League

Question 6

Castaglione’s The Courtier was a

Answer 6

very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment

Question 7

The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of

Answer 7

an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals

Question 8

The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

Answer 8

Overwhelmingly made up of peasants

Question 9

Slavery in Renaissance Italy

Answer 9

saw slaves from Africa and Eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

Answer 10

Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances

Question 11

By the fifteenth century, Italy was

Answer 11

dominated by five central powers

Question 12

Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling women was

Answer 12

Isabella d’Este

Question 13

Machiavelli’s The Prince advocates that a successful

ruler must

Answer 13

act without scruples for the good of the state

Question 14

Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century, above all else

Answer 14

was based on the study of the Greco-Roman

classics

Question 15

5. Who said, ‘‘Christ is my God; Cicero is the prince of

the language.’

Answer 15

Petrarch

Question 16

The Corpus Hermeticum

Answer 16

contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations

Question 17

Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Manstated that humans

Answer 17

could be whatever they chose or willed

Question 18

The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

Answer 18

The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

Question 19

Humanism’s main effect on the writing of history was

Answer 19

the secularization of historiography and the

explanation of change over time

Question 20

The development of printing in the fifteenth century

Answer 20

ensured that literacy and new knowledge would

spread rapidly in European society

Question 21

Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to

Answer 21

experiment in areas of perspective

Question 22

Which pair of artists both sculpted a likeness of David?

Answer 22

Donatello and Michelangelo

Question 23

The painter of the Rome’s Sistine Chapel ceiling was

Answer 23

Michelangelo

Question 24

Who painted “The Last Supper”?

Answer 24

Leonardo

Question 25

The results of the Hundred Years’ War
a. reinvigorated and strengthened the French
monarchy.
b. caused economic turmoil in England.
c. temporarily strengthened the nobility in England.
d. a and b
e. all of the above

Answer 25

e.

Question 26

Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain

Answer 26

saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula

Question 27

After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman Emperor

remained in the hands of the

Answer 27

Habsburg Dynasty

Question 28

John Wyclif criticized the Church for

Answer 28

not letting people read the Bible in the vernacular

Question 29

The Renaissance popes did all of the following

except

Answer 29

attempt to return to the papacy to more humble

times

Question 30

The Renaissance papacy

Answer 30

was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as

evidenced by Alexander VI

Question 31

The northern Christian humanists

Answer 31

championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church

Question 32

The author of Utopia, a satire on European

government and society, was

Answer 32

Thomas More

Question 33

In his “philosophy of Christ,” Erasmus emphasized

Answer 33

inner piety

Question 34

Popular religion in the Late Middle Ages and

Renaissance was marked by

Answer 34

greater popular belief in the spiritual utility of relics

and indulgences

Question 35

Luther’s religious crisis came to a head over his

growing belief that

Answer 35

no amount of good works could satisfy God’s

righteousness.

Question 36

The early fifteenth century religious reformer who

was burned at the stake was

Answer 36

John Hus

Question 37

The event that eventually led to Luther’s break with

the church was

Answer 37

widespread sale of indulgences by preaching

monks

Question 38

The Edict of Worms

Answer 38

made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman

Empire

Question 39

The Peasants’ War of 1524-1525

Answer 39

was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a
social revolution from below against God’s divine
order

Question 40

Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of

Worms, he survived because he was protected by

Answer 40

the Elector of Saxony

Question 41

Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief

concern during his reign was

Answer 41

Francis I of France

Question 42

The Schmalkaldic War in Germany ended in 1555

with the

Answer 42

Peace of Augsburg

Question 43

The Religious Peace of Augsburg settled the

Lutheran problem by adopting the principle that

Answer 43

the ruler of each territory determined the religion

there

Question 44

Zwingli’s interpretation of the Lord’s Supper differed

from Luther’s in that

Answer 44

Zwingli said the ceremony was only symbolic and
that no real transformation in the bread and wine
occurred

Question 45

The Anabaptists

Answer 45

advocated adult baptism, and if they had been

baptized as children, a second baptism

Question 46

The Reformation in England under Henry VIII

Answer 46

was triggered by Henry’s desire to annul his

marriage

Question 47

Millenarianism is the belief that

Answer 47

the end of the world is imminent

Question 48

Mary I Tudor earned her nickname “bloody Mary” by

persecuting

Answer 48

Protestants

Question 49

England’s Queen Elizabeth could best be described

as a

Answer 49

moderate Protestant

Question 50

Which of the following are among the chief

characteristics of John Calvin’s reform movement?

Answer 50

predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God

Question 51

The Reformation changed conceptions of the family

by

Answer 51

extolling the superior state of marriage over celibacy

Question 52

The Reformation affected the development of

education in Europe by

Answer 52

expanding public access to primary schooling and
improving secondary schooling through gymnasiums
and ministerial training.

Question 53

The Reformation successfully abolished all of the following from the lives of Europe’s Protestant
community except for

Answer 53

taverns

Question 54

Loyola was the founder of

Answer 54

the Society of Jesus

Question 55

The Catholic Reformation’s ultimate refusal to

compromise with Protestantism was exemplified by

Answer 55

the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index

Question 56

The Council of Trent

Answer 56

reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the

Reformation

Question 57

The Edict of Nantes was all of the following except it
a. was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was the
official religion in France.
b. expelled the Huguenots from France.
c. recognized the rights of the Protestant minority.
d. was a political decision.
e. was an attempt to reduce religious violence in
France.

Answer 57

b. expelled the Huguenots from France.

Question 58

The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was

Answer 58

Philip II of Spain.

Question 59

The importation of silver from the New World to

Spain resulted in

Answer 59

inflation

Question 60

Victory over the Spanish Armada at the end of the

sixteenth century was achieved by

Answer 60

England