Mid Term Exam Questions(Chapters 12 and 13) Flashcards
The Italian Renaissance was primarily
a recovery of rebirth of antiquity and Greco Roman culture
The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from
trade
According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented
a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of a modern world
The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance was the
Medici
What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?
Hanseatic League
Castaglione’s The Courtier was a
very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment
The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of
an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals
The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was
Overwhelmingly made up of peasants
Slavery in Renaissance Italy
saw slaves from Africa and Eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers
Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?
Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances
By the fifteenth century, Italy was
dominated by five central powers
Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling women was
Isabella d’Este
Machiavelli’s The Prince advocates that a successful
ruler must
act without scruples for the good of the state
Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century, above all else
was based on the study of the Greco-Roman
classics
- Who said, ‘‘Christ is my God; Cicero is the prince of
the language.’
Petrarch
The Corpus Hermeticum
contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations
Pico della Mirandola’s Oration on the Dignity of Manstated that humans
could be whatever they chose or willed
The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre
The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre
Humanism’s main effect on the writing of history was
the secularization of historiography and the
explanation of change over time
The development of printing in the fifteenth century
ensured that literacy and new knowledge would
spread rapidly in European society
Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to
experiment in areas of perspective
Which pair of artists both sculpted a likeness of David?
Donatello and Michelangelo
The painter of the Rome’s Sistine Chapel ceiling was
Michelangelo
Who painted “The Last Supper”?
Leonardo
The results of the Hundred Years’ War
a. reinvigorated and strengthened the French
monarchy.
b. caused economic turmoil in England.
c. temporarily strengthened the nobility in England.
d. a and b
e. all of the above
e.
Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain
saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula
After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman Emperor
remained in the hands of the
Habsburg Dynasty
John Wyclif criticized the Church for
not letting people read the Bible in the vernacular
The Renaissance popes did all of the following
except
attempt to return to the papacy to more humble
times
The Renaissance papacy
was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as
evidenced by Alexander VI
The northern Christian humanists
championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church
The author of Utopia, a satire on European
government and society, was
Thomas More
In his “philosophy of Christ,” Erasmus emphasized
inner piety
Popular religion in the Late Middle Ages and
Renaissance was marked by
greater popular belief in the spiritual utility of relics
and indulgences
Luther’s religious crisis came to a head over his
growing belief that
no amount of good works could satisfy God’s
righteousness.
The early fifteenth century religious reformer who
was burned at the stake was
John Hus
The event that eventually led to Luther’s break with
the church was
widespread sale of indulgences by preaching
monks
The Edict of Worms
made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman
Empire
The Peasants’ War of 1524-1525
was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a
social revolution from below against God’s divine
order
Though Luther was condemned at the Diet of
Worms, he survived because he was protected by
the Elector of Saxony
Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief
concern during his reign was
Francis I of France
The Schmalkaldic War in Germany ended in 1555
with the
Peace of Augsburg
The Religious Peace of Augsburg settled the
Lutheran problem by adopting the principle that
the ruler of each territory determined the religion
there
Zwingli’s interpretation of the Lord’s Supper differed
from Luther’s in that
Zwingli said the ceremony was only symbolic and
that no real transformation in the bread and wine
occurred
The Anabaptists
advocated adult baptism, and if they had been
baptized as children, a second baptism
The Reformation in England under Henry VIII
was triggered by Henry’s desire to annul his
marriage
Millenarianism is the belief that
the end of the world is imminent
Mary I Tudor earned her nickname “bloody Mary” by
persecuting
Protestants
England’s Queen Elizabeth could best be described
as a
moderate Protestant
Which of the following are among the chief
characteristics of John Calvin’s reform movement?
predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God
The Reformation changed conceptions of the family
by
extolling the superior state of marriage over celibacy
The Reformation affected the development of
education in Europe by
expanding public access to primary schooling and
improving secondary schooling through gymnasiums
and ministerial training.
The Reformation successfully abolished all of the following from the lives of Europe’s Protestant
community except for
taverns
Loyola was the founder of
the Society of Jesus
The Catholic Reformation’s ultimate refusal to
compromise with Protestantism was exemplified by
the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index
The Council of Trent
reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the
Reformation
The Edict of Nantes was all of the following except it
a. was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was the
official religion in France.
b. expelled the Huguenots from France.
c. recognized the rights of the Protestant minority.
d. was a political decision.
e. was an attempt to reduce religious violence in
France.
b. expelled the Huguenots from France.
The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was
Philip II of Spain.
The importation of silver from the New World to
Spain resulted in
inflation
Victory over the Spanish Armada at the end of the
sixteenth century was achieved by
England
