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AP European History > Chapter 12 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Jacob Burckhardt

A

Swiss historian who studied art and culture, crediting Italians with birth of the Renaissance. Wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy

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2
Q

Hanseatic League

A

Commercial and defensive alliance along coast of northern Europe, to protect economic privileges of coastal cities and states visited by merchants

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3
Q

House of Medici

A

Prominent banking family from the Republic of Florence, founded most successful European bank of the 15th century

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4
Q

Second Estate

A

A division of middle age society that included nobility like earls, counts, barons, dukes, and kings

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5
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

Italian writer who wrote The Book of the Courtier, Renaissance authority on courtly etiquette.

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6
Q

The Book of the Courtier

A

A popular handbook among aristocrats in Italy for many centuries, describing the attributes of the perfect courtier

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7
Q

Third Estate

A

A division of middle age society that included peasants, poor people, and slaves

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8
Q

Renaissance slavery

A

The purchase, ownership, or other trafficking of humans as property during the Renaissance

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9
Q

dowry

A

Payment or property that is brought to a marriage by the bride’s family to give to the groom’s

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10
Q

Francisco Sforza

A

Conquered Milan after the death of the last Visconti, established himself as duke of the city

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11
Q

Cosimo de’Medici

A

The first of the Medici political dynasty, he took control of the Republic of Florence and made it his oligarchy

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12
Q

Milan

A

a duchy located in what is now northwestern Italy, conquered by Francisco Sforza

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13
Q

Venice

A

a “republic” located in what is now northeastern Italy, began to conquer more land to expand its food and trade

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14
Q

Florence

A

an oligarchic “republic” located in what is now western Italy, conquered by Cosimo De’Medici

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15
Q

Papal States

A

a theocratic state controlled by the pope, located in what is now central Italy

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16
Q

Naples

A

a kingdom located in what is now southern Italy. Known for its weakness; France and Aragon fought to dominate it

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17
Q

Urbino

A

once a city-state in central Italy, became a center of culture and intellect

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18
Q

L’umo universale

A

a social ideal of the well-rounded personality or universal person

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19
Q

Federigo da Montefeltro

A

Ruler of Urbino, known as a great patron of Renaissance culture

20
Q

Battista Sforza

A

Wife of Federigo da Montefeltro, she governed Urbino in her husband’s absence

21
Q

Isabella d’Este

A

known as “the first lady of the world,” she was widely known for her wisdom, intellect, and clever negotiations

22
Q

balance of power

A

concept designed to prevent the enlargement of one state at the expense of others

23
Q

Ludovico Sforza

A

Milanese duke who invited French to intervene in Italian politics, allowing the French bring an army and occupy Naples

24
Q

Charles VII

A

King of France who brought army and occupied Naples,Established the French royal army.

25
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Florentine diplomat and Republican, sent into exile after Medici family returned to power, wrote The Prince

26
Q

The Prince

A

book written by Niccolo Machiavelli, giving concrete expression to Renaissance political power

27
Q

humanism

A

literary and linguistic movement in an attempt to revive classical Latin

28
Q

Marcilio Ficino

A

Known for translating Plato and the exposition of Neoplatonism, founder of Florence’s Platonic Academy.

29
Q

hermeticism

A

set of beliefs stressing astrology, alchemy, and magic as well as theological and philosophical speculations

30
Q

Johannes Gutenberg

A

First European to use printing with movable metal type

31
Q

Donatello

A

Italian sculptor, created life-size statue David, shown with the head of Goliath at his feet

32
Q

Raphael

A

Italian painter and architect, known for his work School of Athens

33
Q

Michelangelo

A

Italian painter, sculptor, and architect, known for painting the Sistine Chapel and creating the Statue of David, called Il Divino

34
Q

Ottoman Turks

A

Advanced rapidly on Eastern Europe, capturing land and ending the Byzantine Empire, beginning their own empire. Eventually faced off against HRE

35
Q

Masaccio

A

Artist whose frescoes in Florence is considered to be the first great masterpiece of Early Renaissance art, establishing a style that endured.

36
Q

John Wyclif

A

Oxford theologian who was the first reformer to condemn Church corruption and call for popes to be striped of authority and power.

37
Q

Nepotism

A

Derived from the Greek word for nephew, the word was coined to describe the awarding of offices, particularly Church commissions, to relatives

38
Q

Julius II

A

Pope who led his army into battle and whose artistic patronage included raising money to build the new Saint Peter’s in Rome.

39
Q

Leonardo Bruni

A

Advocate of Ciceronian civil humanism

40
Q

Henry VII

A

Established the Court of the Star Chamber

41
Q

Leo X

A

Medici pope who commissioned Raphael to paint frescoes in the Vatican.

42
Q

Entrepreneurs

A

Rulers that transferred their titles to underground minerals and financiers as collateral for loans.

43
Q

Humanism

A

An intellectual movement based on the study of the classical literary works of Greece and Rome

44
Q

Neo-Platonism

A

The translation of Plato and the exposition of the Platonic

philosophy.

45
Q

Pantheism

A

Seeing divinity embodied in all aspects of nature and in the heavenly bodies as well as in earthly objects.

AP European History (14 decks)

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