Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards
Jacob Burckhardt
Swiss historian who studied art and culture, crediting Italians with birth of the Renaissance. Wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
Hanseatic League
Commercial and defensive alliance along coast of northern Europe, to protect economic privileges of coastal cities and states visited by merchants
House of Medici
Prominent banking family from the Republic of Florence, founded most successful European bank of the 15th century
Second Estate
A division of middle age society that included nobility like earls, counts, barons, dukes, and kings
Baldassare Castiglione
Italian writer who wrote The Book of the Courtier, Renaissance authority on courtly etiquette.
The Book of the Courtier
A popular handbook among aristocrats in Italy for many centuries, describing the attributes of the perfect courtier
Third Estate
A division of middle age society that included peasants, poor people, and slaves
Renaissance slavery
The purchase, ownership, or other trafficking of humans as property during the Renaissance
dowry
Payment or property that is brought to a marriage by the bride’s family to give to the groom’s
Francisco Sforza
Conquered Milan after the death of the last Visconti, established himself as duke of the city
Cosimo de’Medici
The first of the Medici political dynasty, he took control of the Republic of Florence and made it his oligarchy
Milan
a duchy located in what is now northwestern Italy, conquered by Francisco Sforza
Venice
a “republic” located in what is now northeastern Italy, began to conquer more land to expand its food and trade
Florence
an oligarchic “republic” located in what is now western Italy, conquered by Cosimo De’Medici
Papal States
a theocratic state controlled by the pope, located in what is now central Italy
Naples
a kingdom located in what is now southern Italy. Known for its weakness; France and Aragon fought to dominate it
Urbino
once a city-state in central Italy, became a center of culture and intellect
L’umo universale
a social ideal of the well-rounded personality or universal person
Federigo da Montefeltro
Ruler of Urbino, known as a great patron of Renaissance culture
Battista Sforza
Wife of Federigo da Montefeltro, she governed Urbino in her husband’s absence
Isabella d’Este
known as “the first lady of the world,” she was widely known for her wisdom, intellect, and clever negotiations
balance of power
concept designed to prevent the enlargement of one state at the expense of others
Ludovico Sforza
Milanese duke who invited French to intervene in Italian politics, allowing the French bring an army and occupy Naples
Charles VII
King of France who brought army and occupied Naples,Established the French royal army.
Niccolo Machiavelli
Florentine diplomat and Republican, sent into exile after Medici family returned to power, wrote The Prince
The Prince
book written by Niccolo Machiavelli, giving concrete expression to Renaissance political power
humanism
literary and linguistic movement in an attempt to revive classical Latin
Marcilio Ficino
Known for translating Plato and the exposition of Neoplatonism, founder of Florence’s Platonic Academy.
hermeticism
set of beliefs stressing astrology, alchemy, and magic as well as theological and philosophical speculations
Johannes Gutenberg
First European to use printing with movable metal type
Donatello
Italian sculptor, created life-size statue David, shown with the head of Goliath at his feet
Raphael
Italian painter and architect, known for his work School of Athens
Michelangelo
Italian painter, sculptor, and architect, known for painting the Sistine Chapel and creating the Statue of David, called Il Divino
Ottoman Turks
Advanced rapidly on Eastern Europe, capturing land and ending the Byzantine Empire, beginning their own empire. Eventually faced off against HRE
Masaccio
Artist whose frescoes in Florence is considered to be the first great masterpiece of Early Renaissance art, establishing a style that endured.
John Wyclif
Oxford theologian who was the first reformer to condemn Church corruption and call for popes to be striped of authority and power.
Nepotism
Derived from the Greek word for nephew, the word was coined to describe the awarding of offices, particularly Church commissions, to relatives
Julius II
Pope who led his army into battle and whose artistic patronage included raising money to build the new Saint Peter’s in Rome.
Leonardo Bruni
Advocate of Ciceronian civil humanism
Henry VII
Established the Court of the Star Chamber
Leo X
Medici pope who commissioned Raphael to paint frescoes in the Vatican.
Entrepreneurs
Rulers that transferred their titles to underground minerals and financiers as collateral for loans.
Humanism
An intellectual movement based on the study of the classical literary works of Greece and Rome
Neo-Platonism
The translation of Plato and the exposition of the Platonic
philosophy.
Pantheism
Seeing divinity embodied in all aspects of nature and in the heavenly bodies as well as in earthly objects.
