Chapter 19 Multiple Choice Flashcards
After 1763 British authorities and American colonists came into conflict over:
A) Methods of raising revenue
B) Expansion west of the Mississippi River
C) Freedom of religious expression
D) Treatment of French prisoners of war
E) Treatment of Indian prisoners of war
A) Methods of raising revenue
Of paramount importance to the American victory over the British was
A) British weakness on the seas
B) Spain’s treachery in the western territories
C) The military and financial assistance of France
D) A lack of discipline in the British ranks
E) The superior training of American officers
C) The military and financial assistance of France
The United States Constitution of 1789 was
A) A revision of the Articles of Confederation
B) Viewed by European liberals as too Utopian to last
C) Seen by Europeans as the fulfillment of Enlightenment dreams
D) Of little or no influence on the French revolution
E) Passed by the states because of its Bill of Rights
C) Seen by Europeans as the fulfillment of Enlightenment dreams
By the eighteenth century the French nobility and bourgeoisie were
A) Growing farther apart in social status
B) Increasingly less distinguishable from each other
C) Rapidly losing social status to the peasants
D) Frequently involved in street fights
E) Of different religious affiliations
B) Increasingly less distinguishable from each other
The immediate cause of the French Revolution was
A) Military and naval losses to Britain
B) A series of financial reversals
C) Religious turmoil between Catholics and Huguenots
D) A dispute over the ideas of Voltaire
E) The lavish lifestyle of the monarchy
B) A series of financial reversals
The controversy over voting by order rather than voting by head in the Estates-General led eventually to
A) A motion by the Nobles of the Robe to adjourn
B) A move by “lovers of liberty” to stop all voting
C) The expulsion of the Third Estate
D) The withdrawal of the Third Estate to form a National Assembly
E) Direct intervention by Louis XVI
D) The withdrawal of the Third estate to form a National Assembly
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
A) Was issued by Louis XVI to end the rebellion
B) Was introduces to the Estates-General by a delegation of philosophes
C) Owed much to the American Declaration of Independence
D) Kept all aristocratic privileges intact
E) Man it clear that the word “man” referred both to males and females
C) Owed much to the American Declaration of Independence
The Jacobins took their name from
A) One of the radical delegates to the Assembly, Jacques le Boulanger
B) The younger brother of Louis XVI
C) The Old Testament patriarch who led his Hebrew people out of Egyptian slavery
D) One of the more prominent philosophes, Jacobus Colet
E) The convent in Paris where they often met
E) The convent in Paris where they often met
During the years 1792 and 1793, the city of Paris was
A) Controlled by a Commune that favored radical change
B) First to support the Constitution of the Year Four
C) Where Napoleon first won a popular election
D) Stripped of all religious names and symbols
E) Often on fire after radical demonstrations
A) Controlled by a Commune that favored radical change
Historians have noted that the French Revolutionary Army
A) Helped create the modern concept of nationalism
B) Initiated the modern system of officer training and ranking
C) Perfected the techniques and ethics of total war
D) Began the radical practice of showing no mercy to prisoners
E) Was used only to defend France when it was attacked
A) Helped create the modern concept of nationalism
In an attempt to “preserve” the revolution from its internal enemies, the Committee of Public Safety
A) Singled out the nobility for total annihilation
B) Brutally crushed cities that rebelled against the government
C) Used the guillotine only on members of the lower classes
D) Considered restoring the Bourbons to power
E) Relied on the moral persuasion of the clergy
B) Brutally crushed cities that rebelled against the government
During the revolution, French women
A) Generally worked quietly behind the scenes
B) Received encouragement to speak out from French men
C) Limited their demonstrations to protests against food shortages
D) Were not allowed to participate in political activities
E) Died in far greater numbers than men
D) Were not allowed to participate in political activities
The republican calendar of 1793
A) Named 9 of the 12 months after philosophes
B) Contributed to the overall plan of dechristianization
C) Was well received by most of the people
D) Survived the Napoleonic Era
E) Influenced calendars in many other countries during the nineteenth century
B) Contributed to the overall plan of dechristianization
The program of dechristianization did NOT include
A) A new calendar without religious holidays
B) Removal of saints’ names from street signs
C) A systematic execution of bishops
D) Changing the names of church buildings
E) Encouraging priests to marry
C) A systematic execution of bishops
After the Thermidorean Reaction, the Directory government
A) Relied primarily on the support of royalists
B) Was elected directly by universal franchise
C) Generally had wise and honest financial leadership
D) Saw to it that Napoleon was raised to leadership
E) Relied heavily on military support for its survival
E) Relied heavily on military support for its survival
Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon?
A) He was the child both of the Enlightenment and the Revolution
B) He had a deep sense of moral responsibility to help the people of France
C) He advocated an invasion of Britain in the 1770 s
D) He was born the illegitimate son of a Corsican priest
E) He had no formal military training before he volunteered for army serrvice
A) He was the child both of the Enlightenment and the revolution
Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon’s domestic policies?
A) In order to promote democracy, he granted great autonomy to provincial administration and their elected officials
B) His “new aristocracy” was based on wealth and privilege as well as birth
C) His Civil Code reaffirmed the ideals of the Revolution and established a uniform legal system
D) In order to win church support, he reestablished Catholicism as the official state religion of France
E) In order to promote stability, he made it virtually impossible to get a divorce
C) His Civil Code reaffirmed the ideals of the Revolution and establish a uniform legal system
Napoleon’s Grand Empire
A) Was composed of three parts but held together by loyalty to him
B)Revived the power of the nobility and clergy in all conquered territories
C) Included all of Europe after 1805
D) Left dependent states free to choose their own royal families
E) Had no long term impact on the allied states
A) Was composed of three parts but held together by loyalty to him
Napoleon sought to bring Britain to its knees by
A) Launching two unsuccessful invasion across the English Channel
B) Preventing Britain from trading with the continent
C) Fomenting and military supporting a Scottish war for Independence
D) Giving arms to the rebellious Irish Republican Army
E) Bringing the United States into the European war
B) Preventing Britain from trading with the continent
Napoleon’s decision to invade Russia stemmed from
A) His desire to bring liberal reforms to that country
B) France’s need for raw materials to continue its wars
C) England’s threat to invade the continent through Poland
D) Russia’s defection from his Continental System
E) A letter intercepted by spies that indicated Russia planned to attack France
D) Russia’s defection from his Continental System
On July 4, 1776, the delegates of the Second Continental Congress approved
a. the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen.
b. the Constitution.
c. the Declaration of Independence.
d. the Olive Branch Petition.
e. George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.
c.
The colonists won their war for independence due to
a. generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France.
b. the collapse of the English colonial system.
c. apathy of the English military.
d. flaws in the English mercantile system.
e. b and c
a.
The defeat of General Cornwallis and his army at Yorktown in 1781, leading to British abandonment of the Revolutionary War, was achieved by
a. American colonial army and naval forces alone.
b. a combined American and French army.
c. a combined force of American, French, Spanish, and Dutch forces.
d. the Virginia Minutemen.
e. a combined American and French army supported by a heavily armed French fleet.
e.
The Constitution of the United States of 1789
a. was a revision of the Articles of Confederation.
b. was seen by European liberals as a utopian document that would never last.
c. created a republic in which the branches of government provided checks on one another.
d. had no real impact on the French Revolution.
e. failed, and was soon replaced by the Articles of Confederation.
c.
The American Revolution affected Europeans by
a. proving that military force was the final diplomatic authority.
b. ending colonial expansion around the world.
c. proving that the new United States was the most powerful nation.
d. proving that the ideas of the Enlightenment could be realized politically.
e. proving that the patriotic shedding of vast amounts of blood could bring revolutionary change.
d.
A key conduit of “enlightened” American political and moral ideas back to Europe was formed by
a. returning British prisoners of war.
b. the hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War.
c. European nobles returning from expeditions to the new American frontier.
d. missionary priests returning from evangelical campaigns deep in the U.S. back country.
e. official proclamations sent to the governments of Europe by George Washington.
b.
In France, the First Estate was composed of
a. the nobility.
b. the clergy.
c. the peasants.
d. the military.
e. the nobility.
b
The most immediate cause of the French Revolution was
a. the government’s failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems.
b. the blocking of attempted reforms by the French Parlements.
c. the radical calls of the philosophes for reform.
d. Louis XVI’s rejection of the cahiers de doléances.
e. violent uprisings by the common people who were demanding political and economic equality.
a.
