Chapters 28-30 Study Guide Flashcards
World War II not only devastated the countries, cities, peoples, and cultures of Europe, but also destroyed
a. American commitment to globalism in foreign policy.
b. European supremacy in world affairs.
c. any commitment of old and new nations around the globe to supranational bodies of diplomacy and conflict resolution.
d. the capacity of western European nations to forge lasting economic and cultural ties in the post-war world.
e. the trans-Atlantic partnership.
b.European supremacy in world affairs.
At the close of World War II, who inherited the European tradition of power politics?
US and the Soviet Union
The first area of conflict in the unfolding of the Cold War was
East Asia
A key factor contributing to the development of the Cold War in Eastern Europe was
Stalin’s desire to establish pro-Soviet governments in the countries of Eastern Europe to serve as a buffer zone against possible western attacks on the Soviet Union.
The Truman Doctrine was a consequence of a civil war in
Greece
The Truman Doctrine did all of the following except
a. condemn the victory of the Communists in the Chinese civil war.
b. call for $400 million in aid for nations threatened by aggression
c. assist in the defense of Greece and Turkey.
d. express America’s fear of Communist expansion in Europe.
e. announce the United States’ intention to support “free peoples” throughout the world.
a.condemn the victory of the Communists in the Chinese civil war.
In June 1947, the United States initiated the European Recovery Program, better known as
The Marshall Plan
Truman and his Western European allies responded to Stalin’s blockade of Berlin in 1948 by
airlifting supplies into Berlin.
NATO is
a. a trade agreement.
b. a fabrication designed by the Central Intelligence Agency to mislead the Soviets.
c. an emergency relief agency.
d. a military alliance.
e. an international banking system.
d.a military alliance.
The Communist military response to the formation of NATO was the
a. Moscow Alliance.
b. Warsaw Pact.
c. Eastern European Community.
d. Stalin Plan.
e. European Economic Community.
b. Warsaw Pact
An overall effect of the Korean W on the Cold War was
a. the Soviet Union’s domination over all of Southeast Asia.
b. the end of American and Soviet involvement in Asian political affairs.
c. the reinforcement of the American determination to “contain” Soviet power.
d. a decrease in American defense spending since the capacity of the West to win the conflict outright on the battlefield demonstrated the superiority of modern weapons systems and no need to develop new war machines.
e. the continued willingness to use limited nuclear weapons in local wars.
c.the reinforcement of the American determination to “contain” Soviet power.
The Warsaw Pact included all of the following nations except
a. Poland.
b. Bulgaria.
c. Yugoslavia.
d. Hungary.
e. Czechoslovakia.
c.Yugoslavia
The policy created in 1947 and used by the Americans against Communism was called
containment
The event that immediately preceded and sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis was
The Bay of Pigs
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 concluded with
a. improved communications between the US and the Soviet Union to prevent nuclear war.
b. the installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba.
c. the United States overthrowing Cuba’s Soviet-supported government.
d. John Kennedy backing down to the threats of Nikita Khrushchev.
e. Fidel Castro giving up his military authority in the Cuban government, although he retained political control.
a.improved communications between the US and the Soviet Union to prevent nuclear war.
The origins of the Vietnam War, in part, lie in the process of decolonization because
the division of Vietnam into antagonistic northern and southern states occurred after Vietnamese military forces had defeated the French, former governors of the region.
African independence parties were usually led by
Western educated intellectuals
In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek transferred the Chinese Nationalist government from the mainland to
Taiwan
The Middle Eastern political leader who promoted Pan-Arabism and who advocated a sharing of Middle Eastern oil wealth equally among the Arab states was
Gamal Abdul Nasser.
The one issue on which the Arab states were united was
Palestine
The Indonesian president who was suspicious of the West, sought economic aid from China and the Soviet Union, and relied at home on a native communist party was
Sukarno
“An orgy of blood” refers to
the separation of Pakistan from India
The Great Leap Forward was
Mao Zedong’s effort to achieve a classless society and the final stage of communism
The economic policies of Stalin
emphasized the development of heavy industry and the production of modern weapons and space vehicles
At the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party in 1956, Khrushchev
condemned Stalin
An example of the relaxation of repressive Stalinism during Khrushchev’s regime was the publication of
Solzhenitsyn’s A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
Yugoslavia from World War II through the 1960 was characterized by
the leadership of Tito, who asserted Yugoslavia’s independence from the Soviet Union.
In 1956 in Poland, Wladyslaw Gomulka
declared his nation’s right to follow its own socialist path.
Due to its strong democratic traditions, the last Eastern European country to fall under Soviet, one-party domination after World War II was
Czechoslovakia
Charles de Gaulle withdrew from politics in 1946 because
he believed the Fourth Republic had become weak.
As president of France, Charles de Gaulle’s position in the Cold War was to
make France the “third” nuclear power and pursue a largely independent political course.
The first chancellor and “founding hero” of the West German Federal Republic was
Konrad Adenauer
One country that was not an original member of the European Coal and Steel Community was
England
Which of the following statement concerning postwar Great Britain is false?
a. The National Insurance Act and National Health Service Act made Britain a welfare state in the 1940s.
b. Britain suffered from losing its pre-war colonial revenues.
c. By the Suez Canal debacle, Britain was no longer a superpower.
d. The British economy lagged behind that of several other Western European nations.
e. The Conservative party in the 1950s and 1960s revoked nearly all of the welfare legislation passed by the Labour party in the 1940s.
e.The Conservative party in the 1950s and 1960s revoked nearly all of the welfare legislation passed by the Labour party in the 1940s.
Post-war Italian politics was characterized by
the hegemony of the Christian Democrats with backing from the Catholic Church.
The Common Market was
a. primarily a military alliance of certain European countries.
b. a forum of European nations founded to solve social problems.
c. founded for economic reasons, including to promote free trade among member nations.
d. established for cultural reasons to combat American materialism.
e. founded with the intent to include all the nations of Europe, including the Soviet Union, as well as the United States, in the organization.
c.founded for economic reasons, including to promote free trade among member nations.
Which one of the following does not characterize life in the United States during the presidency of Dwight Eisenhower?
a. Real wages grew.
b. The New Deal programs continued.
c. The “Red Scare” intensified.
d. The Civil Rights Movement had successes.
e. The United States withdrew into isolationism.
e.The United States withdrew into isolationism.
The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s included all of the following except
a. race riots in the Los Angeles district of Watts.
b. the Supreme Court upheld racial segregation in public schools in 1954.
c. the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
d. saw the Supreme Court approve the concept of “separate but equal” in public schools.
e. the civil rights leadership of Martin Luther King.
d.saw the Supreme Court approve the concept of “separate but equal” in public schools.
In the postwar world, Canada
experienced many of the same developments as the United States
The social structure of the postwar European society has been greatly affected by a dramatic increase in the number of
white-collar management and administrative personnel.
All of the following statements regarding women in the post-war era are correct except
a. many more married women joined the work force than before.
b. working women received equal pay with men by the 1960s.
c. working-class women continued to receive less pay than men.
d. the post-war “baby boom” declined in the 1960s, in part due to “the pill.”
e. much of the theoretical foundation for the women’s liberation movement was found in the work of Simone de Beauvoir.
b.working women received equal pay with men by the 1960s.
In her path-breaking text, The Second Sex, the influential French feminist author Simone de Beauvoir argued that
a. women should renounce all contact with men and set up their own self-governing communes.
b. women were always and wrongly defined by their differences from men and consequently seen as second-class beings.
c. the Second World War had legitimated the political advantages and hegemonic power of males.
d. a “sexual revolution” was impossible and discouraged women outside of France from taking up her ideas.
e. that there was absolutely no hope in improving the status of women in the near future.
women were always and wrongly defined by their differences from men and consequently seen as second-class beings.
The post-World War II art world has been mostly dominated by
New York City
The American artist Jackson Pollock was most noted for
Abstract Expressionist Paintings
The philosophical doctrine of existentialism, with its emphasis on God as a fiction, no preordained human destiny, and the human creation of all values
was best expressed in the works of the French writers Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre
The philosophical doctrine of existentialism stressed
the need for people to create their own values and give their lives meaning
The horrors of two world wars, the Cold War, and attendant socio-cultural upheavals have also stimulated a late twentieth-century religious revival exemplified in the works of Karl Barth, who has argued
that the sinful and imperfect nature of humans means that they can know religious truth not through reason but only through the grace of God.
American motion pictures in the post-war years have
been the primary vehicle for the diffusion of American popular culture throughout the world.
Television did not become readily available until
the 1940s
What might be called the zenith of European economic growth was from
1945 to 1965.
The nation that initially took the lead in the sexual revolution of the 1960s was
Sweden
The “permissive society” is characterized by all of the following except
a. sexual freedom.
b. experimentation with drugs.
c. decriminalization of homosexuality.
d. increasing rates of divorce.
e. declining rates of divorce.
e. declining rates of divorce
In the 1960s, college and university students complained and demonstrated against all of the following except:
a. declining enrollments.
b. lack of a relevant educational experience.
c. crowded classrooms.
d. authoritarian administrators.
e. uncaring professors and instructors.
a.declining enrollments.
