Mid Term B 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is conscience?

A

judgement or dictate of the practical intellect deciding from general principles the goodness or evil of some act which is to be done here and now or has been done in the past

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2
Q

What is an act?

A

application of knowledge to an individual fact

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3
Q

Where does conscience derive judgement?

A

general principle (presupposes gen. pri. of faith and reason and applies to act)

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4
Q

Is consicene subjective or objective?

A

subjective

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5
Q

What is primary function of conscience?

A

pass judgement on an act which is to be done or have already been done

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6
Q

What is a moral habit (synderesis)?

A

habitual practical knowledge of the first principles whose proper act is to decide in a general way that good must be done and evil avoided

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7
Q

What is difference between synderesis and conscience?

A

conscience individual synderesis general and conscience can err but synderesis never can

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8
Q

What is a moral science (MS)?

A

deduces objective conclusions from the first principles

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9
Q

What is difference between MS and conscience?

A

conscience is subjective and may(not) agree w/ moral science

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10
Q

What is prudence?

A

a virtue which sometimes coincides w/ conscience

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11
Q

What is difference between prudence and conscience?

A

pru habit while conscience is an act

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12
Q

What does natural law embrace?

A

objective principles of morality

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13
Q

What is difference between natrual law and conscience?

A

conscience uses general principles of morality to decide whether an act should be performed or ommitted

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14
Q

What are the kinds of acts for conscience?

A

antecedent or consequent

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15
Q

What is antecedent act of conscience?

A

precedes the act performed and it either commands, forbids, counsels, or permits performance of an acy

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16
Q

What is consequent act of conscience?

A

passes judgement on acts already performed and it approves of the act performed causing spiritual joy OR disapproves of the causing remorse (Examination of Conscience)

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17
Q

When is a True Conscience conformed to the eternal law?

A

deduces correctly from true principles that some act is lawful

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18
Q

When is a False Conscience exercised?

A

decides from false principles considered as true that something is lawful which in fact is unlawful

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19
Q

What are divisions of an erroneous conscience?

A

scrupulous, perplexed, lax, pharasaic

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20
Q

What is scrupulous conscience?

A

for usesless and ridiculous reasons it things or rather fears that an act is evil when it is not

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21
Q

What is a perplexed conscience?

A

sees sin both in the performance and in the omission of some act

22
Q

What is a lax conscience?

A

judges on insufficient grounds that there is not sin in the act or that the sin is not grave though It Is (sees sin nowhere)

23
Q

What is the worst type of lax consciecnce?

A

hardened for it sees some sins to be of little importance

24
Q

What is a pharasaical conscience?

A

minimises grave sins but magnifies matters of little importance as the Pharisees

25
Q

What are the three forms of assent regarding conscience?

A

certain, probable, doubting

26
Q

When does a conscience assent to an act?

A

certain: when it firmly decides that some act is either lawful or unlawful. Probable: when it judges that some act is probably lawful or unlawful. Doubting: when it hesistates to pass judgement on the moral character of an act

27
Q

What is the First Principle of the True and False Conscience?

A

Everyone is obliged to use serious care to possess on all occassions a true conscience

28
Q

Why are all obliged to a true conscience?

A

conscince is proximate norm of morality which acts as guide for man’s moral life

29
Q

What is the proximate norm of morality?

A

conscience

30
Q

What are means to obtain true conscience?

A

careful knowledge of laws which govern our moral life, taking wise counsel, prayer to the Father of light, removal of obstacles to a true conscience

31
Q

What is the Second Principle of True and False Conscience?

A

Everyone is obliged to follow his conscience whether it commands or forbids some action, not only when it is true but also when it is in invincible error

32
Q

Why is “commands” and “forbids” used?

A

One must follow even if invicibly ignorant

33
Q

What is the Third Principle of True and False Conscience?

A

not permissable to follow conscience when in vincible error, but one cannot act contrary to such a conscience. Error must be corrected before any action taken

34
Q

Is a vincibly ignorant conscience a certain conscience?

A

NO

35
Q

How do we indirectly remove doubt?

A

reflex principles

36
Q

What are Reflex or Indirect Principles?

A

general directions which directly and of themeselves do not prove the truth of the matter under investigation but do reflect their own clear light on the obscure practical doubt and dispel the darkenss of that doubt while the act is being performed

37
Q

What are the significant reflex principles?

A

doubtful law has no binding force, in doubt one must stand by presumption, in doubt possession is nine-tenths of the law

38
Q

When does a doubtful law not have binding force?

A

when doubt concerns the lawfulness of an act and not its validity

39
Q

When can a doubtful law not be applied?

A

concerns validity of the Sacraments, concerns somthing which is absolutely necessary for salvation e.g. risk of losing eternal life, the safer opinion must be followed, when the question involves an established right of a third party e.g. judge would not be justified in giving judgement on the basis of a probable opinion while refusing to follow what is certainly the more probable opinion

40
Q

What else shoudl one do in doubt?

A

One must stand in presumption

41
Q

What is a moral system?

A

method of arriving at moral certainty from a state of practical doubt

42
Q

What are the seven systems?

A

rigorism (absolute tutiorism), morderate tutiorism, probabiliorism, equiprobabilism, Pure probabilism, Lax probabilism, compensationism (system of sufficient cause)

43
Q

What is rigorism?

A

maintains that the safer course must always be followed even though the opinion in favour of liberty is most probable (Condemned by Alexander VIII)

44
Q

What is moderate tutiorism?

A

less safe opinion which favours liberty can be followed provided that it is most probable

45
Q

What is probabiliorism?

A

one may follow the opinion that favours liberty so long as it is clearly more probable than the opinion in favour of the law

46
Q

What is equiprobabilism?

A

when there are conflicting opinions which are eqaully or almost equally probable it is lawful to follow the opinion in favour of liberty when the doubt relates to the existence of law, but if the doubt concerns cessation of law then the law continues to bind

47
Q

What is pure probabilism?

A

in case of doubt relating to the lawfulness of acts and not to their validity it is always lawful to follow the opinion in favour of liberty if the opinion is certainly probable, even though the opinion in favour of the law is more probable

48
Q

What are the kinds of probability?

A

Intrinsic Probability and Extrinisc Probability?

49
Q

What is intrinsic probability?

A

when founded on reasons taken from the nature of the matter to prove its truth

50
Q

What is extrinsic probability?

A

based on authority of learned men

51
Q

What is an opinion extrinsically probably?

A

five or six noteworthy authoritiesin favor or at least one outstanding doctor lk STA or SA

52
Q

What are the three kinds of opinion?

A

certainly, doubtfully, slightly (all three depend on whether opinion rests on sold and firm arguments or doubtful or slight arguments