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De Princeps > Mid Term B 1 > Flashcards

Mid Term B 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When is probability absolute?

A

arguments in favor of an opinion considered by themselves appear to be valid

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2
Q

When is probability relative?

A

arguments in favor of an opinion retain their value only when compared with the arguments supporting the contrary opinon

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3
Q

what is lax probabilism?

A

lawful to follow an opinion that is not only certainly probable but even when the opinion is doubtfully or slightly possible (Condemned by Church)

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4
Q

What is compensationism (system of sufficient cause)?

A

one may follow a certainly probable opinion in favor of liberty while abandoning a more probable opinion in favor of the law but when there is danger of sin there is required a sufficient reason for acting in favor of liberty

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5
Q

What are the natural means for the education of conscience?

A

good education from beginning of childhood, faithful and continual examination of conscience

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6
Q

What are the supernatural means?

A

fervent prayer to God, strenuous fight against man’s disordered passions with aid of divine grace, sacramental confession and obedience to prudent spiritual director

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7
Q

What is sin?

A

transgression of the divine law (Ambrose) OR any word, deed, desire contrary to God’s eternal law (Augustine)

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8
Q

What is formal sin?

A

voluntary (imputable) and free transgression of the divine law

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9
Q

What is material sin?

A

involuntary transgression of the divine law (vincible ignorance or violence which destroys voluntary consent)

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10
Q

What are material sins against?

A

objective law and subjective conscience

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11
Q

Something which lacks voluntariness, what type of sin?

A

material

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12
Q

What is mortal sin?

A

destroys sanctifying grace and causes the death of the soul

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13
Q

What is venial sin?

A

offence against God which merely lessens the fervour of charity

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14
Q

What is the nature of mortal sin?

A

aversion from God, adherence to creatures which is seriously inordinate, grave injury to the rational nature of man and the social order

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15
Q

What are three conditions must be verified for mortal sin?

A

grave matter, full advertence, full consent

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16
Q

How is grave matter determined?

A

object and circumstances of act

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17
Q

When is full consent presumed?

A

full advertence and no external violence: fear and passion, diminish but not destroy (unless no full advertence)

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18
Q

When are advertence and consent imperfect?

A

drunkeness, half-asleep, half-drunk, surge of passion, phobia, mania

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19
Q

What is the essence of venial sin?

A

certain disorder, not complete aversion to man’s last end

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20
Q

What are distinguishing species of sins?

A

moral object, virtue, precept

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21
Q

What are Three rules of numerical distinction?

A

(a) many distinct acts are concerned with morally distinct objects of the same species; (b) many distinct acts are concerned with what is morally one object; (c) one act is concerned with what are physically many, but morally one object.

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22
Q

What is an example of first numerical distinction?

A

He who fires distinct shots and unjustly kills three persons is guilty of three murders

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23
Q

What is are two examples of second numerical distinction? (may need to read more in McHugh)

A

when they are repeated after having been renounced by an act of the will. Example: He who hates in the morning, repents at noon, and returns to his hate in the afternoon, commits two sins of hatred AND when they are repeated after having been voluntarily discontinued, if the interval between the two acts is so considerable that the second act is not a mere continuation of the first. Example: He who in his mind reviles an enemy passing by, then turns his attention to his work and thinks no more about his anger, and later, seeing his enemy again, reviles him mentally a second time, commits two sins

24
Q

What is an example of third numerical distinction?

A

One sinful act, internal or external, that is concerned with objects that are physically many, but morally one, makes but one sin in number. Example: He who steals a purse that contains ten bills commits one sin; he who calumniates a family of ten persons commits one sin; he who steals what is the common property of three proprietors commits one sin

25
Q

What are conditions of venial sin?

A

matter be light, either in reality, or in the invincible belief of him who commits it

26
Q

How do we know matter is light ?

A

authority and right reason

27
Q

What is personal sin?

A

offence against God committed by the deliberate will of the individual

28
Q

What are divisions of Personal Sin?

A

actual (transitory/omission) or habitual (permanent habit)

29
Q

What are kinds of Actual Sin?

A

commission, omission, thought, word, or deed, ignorance, weakness, malice, against Holy Ghost, capital sins, Formal, mortal

30
Q

What are sins of comission?

A

contrary to a negavitve precept e.g. theft (do something not supposed to do)

31
Q

What are sins of omission?

A

transgressions of a positive precept e.g. missing Mass (neglect something you are to do)

32
Q

What are sins of thought, word, deed?

A

either committed by mind alone, or by mouth or action

33
Q

What sins of ignorance?

A

proceed from lack of knowledge

34
Q

What sins of weakness?

A

result of passion which make the acts less voluntary

35
Q

What are sins of malice?

A

proceed from an evil will (w/o ignorance or passion)

36
Q

What are sins against the Holy Ghost?

A

committed by the deliberate contempt of some grace withdrawing man from sin

37
Q

What are the usual sins against the Holy Ghost?

A

presumption, despair, resisting the known truth of Christianity, envy of the grace possessed by one’s neighbor, obstinancy, impenitence

38
Q

What are sins crying to heaven for Vengenace?

A

murder, sodomy, oppression of orphans and widows and defrauding workers of their just wage

39
Q

Why are sins crying to heaven for Vengenace called so?

A

grievous injury done to social order

40
Q

Why are the capital sins called this?

A

roots from which other sins spring

41
Q

What sins of ignorance?

A

proceed from lack of knowledge

42
Q

What sins of weakness?

A

result of passion which make the acts less voluntary

43
Q

What are sins of malice?

A

proceed from an evil will (w/o ignorance or passion)

44
Q

What are sins against the Holy Ghost?

A

committed by the deliberate contempt of some grace withdrawing man from sin

45
Q

What are internal sins?

A

completed within heart of man w/o being revealed externally

46
Q

What are the three internal sins?

A

deliberate pleasure, sinful joy, evil desire

47
Q

What is proximate?

A

common (absolute) and personal (relative)

48
Q

What is proximate common (absolute)?

A

presumably for men in general or of a specific group

49
Q

What is proximate personal (relative)?

A

invidual based on subjective experience

50
Q

What are common defects of Theologians?

A

don’t take relativity in time and groups

51
Q

What did Pope Pius XI exclude?

A

no world-wide office for classification of films because of different habits and attitudes

52
Q

What is common prxomitate danger applied?

A

specific groups, not individual

53
Q

What is necessary and voluntary proxiate of sin?

A

necessary is result of double effect

54
Q

What is necessary proximate?

A

morally or physically impossible to avoid

55
Q

What are the capital sins?

A

pride, envy, covetousness, anger, lust, gluttony, sloth (PLACESG)

56
Q

What is difference between vainglory and pride?

A

vainglory is external manifestation of pride

57
Q

What does STA say is the greatest sin?

A

covetousnesss

De Princeps (13 decks)

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