Mid-Term Flashcards
A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kcals, which is the same as ________ calories.
16k
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
Blueberries
Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the United States?
Exercising infrequently
Consuming alcohol
Smoking cigarettes
Eating fatty foods
Smoking Cigarettes
An essential nutrient _______.
- provides energy (kcals) to the diet
- must be supplied by the diet
- is found only in foods from animal sources
- is found only in fortified foods
- must be supplied by the diet
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify dietary supplements as foods.
A megadose is an amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient.
Dietary supplements include fish oil, green tea, probiotics, and flaxseed oil.
In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects, and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are
Placebo
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups’ hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.
Retrospective
An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, “Results are not typical.” This statement is an example of a(n) ________.
Disclaimer
The results of a research study indicate that those adults who consume the most sugar-sweetened beverages also have the highest rates of type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest there is a(n) _______ correlation between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes.
Direct
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.
Testimonial
Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?
Multiple Choice
Health status
Age
Sex
Ethnicity
Ethnicity
Which of the following statements is true?
The traditional Asian diet contains high amounts of milk and milk products.
The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.
According to Mormon dietary laws, pork and pork by-products are forbidden as food.
Jewish dietary laws forbid the use of alcohol
The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.
Which of the following statements is true?
Multiple Choice
Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person’s age or sex.
Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people.
A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs.
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person’s age or sex.
You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?
Meatless bean dip
Today, Henry only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 8 ounces of turkey breast. He also drank 3 cups of apple juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes _______.
Multiple Choice
milk and milk products
vegetables
nuts
eggs
Veggies
High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following except
Multiple Choice
reduced risk of heart disease.
reduced secretion of intrinsic factor.
reduced risk of stroke.
reduced risk of diabetes.
reduced secretion of intrinsic factor.
Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
Multiple Choice
Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl
Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl
Body temperature that is over 101°F
Waist circumference that is 32 inches
Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl
Starch
Multiple Choice
is composed of amylose and amylopectin.
is found in both plant and animal food sources.
is more branched than glycogen.
cannot be digested by human enzymes.
is composed of amylose and amylopectin.
Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?
Multiple Choice
Sucrose
Fructose
Galactose
Starch
Fructose
Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?
Multiple Choice
High-fructose corn syrup
Glucose
Soluble fiber
Lactose
Soluble fiber
Carlos has a family history of premature heart disease and stroke. To lower his risk of cardiovascular disease, Carlos should ________.
Multiple Choice
take medication to increase his blood pressure
increase his intake of trans fat
increase his intake of vitamin K
stop smoking cigarettes
stop smoking cigarettes
Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Multiple Choice
High intakes of vitamin C
Low income level
Asian ancestry
Increasing age
Increasing age
Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________.
Multiple Choice
consume more saturated fat
become more physically active
gain some body fat
smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes daily
become more physically active
Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?
Multiple Choice
Lecithin is an example of a phospholipid found naturally in egg yolks.
Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.
Phospholipids are naturally found in both plant and animal foods.
Phosopholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions.
Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.
Multiple Choice
stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine
increases the production of salivary amylase
decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys
enables glucose to enter muscle cells
stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine
Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?
Multiple Choice
Rye
Barley
Semolina flour
Quinoa
Quinoa
The ________ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans
Liver
Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?
Multiple Choice
Alanine
Phenylalanine
Valine
Leucine
Alanine
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?
Multiple Choice
Cholecystokinin
Amylase
Bile
Trypsin
Trypsin
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?
Multiple Choice
Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein.
All of these choices are correct.
Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries.
Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child.
Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries.
________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria.
Beta-oxidation
________ is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen.
Glycogenesis
The breakdown of glycogen into individual glucose molecules is an example of ________.
Catabolism
What vitamin is necessary as part of the coenzyme that facilitates transamination and deamination reactions?
Multiple Choice
Niacin
Vitamin B-12
Riboflavin
Vitamin B-6
B-6
Through the process of glycolysis, glucose is converted into two molecules of ________.
Multiple Choice
pyruvate
acetyl CoA
oxaloacetate
fructose
pyruvate
Which of the following forms of metabolism releases the lower amount of energy in the cell?
Multiple Choice
Aerobic metabolism
Anaerobic metabolism
Aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism release about the same amount of energy.
Anaerobic metabolism
Which of the following physiological and/or psychological effects often occurs when a person reaches a BAC of 0.20?
Multiple Choice
Loss of consciousness and/or coma
Cannot walk without assistance, mental confusion, and/or may pass out
Some loss of good judgement and altered mood/relaxation
Slower-than-normal reaction time, loss of balance, and/or impaired memory
Cannot walk without assistance, mental confusion, and/or may pass out
Energy is defined as ________.
Multiple Choice
movement
the capacity to perform work
transformation
change
the capacity to perform work
________ is the formation of ketone bodies in liver cells from the excess of acetyl CoA produced.
Multiple Choice
Ketogenesis
Beta-oxidation
Ketone diet
Ketoacidosis
Ketogenesis
The liver needs vitamin K to ________.
Multiple Choice
metabolize alcohol
store glycogen
process calcium
synthesize prothrombin
synthesize prothrombin
________ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.
Multiple Choice
Retinol
Alpha-tocopherol
Lutein
Beta-carotene
Retinol
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?
Multiple Choice
Whole-grain breads and cereals
Dark orange and yellow vegetables
Fresh fruit
Fatty fish and fish oils
Fatty fish and fish oils
In the _______, a hydroxy group is added to 25-OH Vitamin D (calcidiol) to make 1,25-di-OH Vitamin D (calcitriol).
Multiple Choice
kidneys
liver
pancreas
stomach
Kidneys
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________.
Multiple Choice
vitamin C; collagen breakdown
vitamin K; bleeding
niacin; pellagra
thiamin; beriberi
vitamin K; bleeding
Which of the following foods is the best source of vitamin K?
Multiple Choice
Grapefruit
Canola oil
Oats
Kale
Kale
Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease.
Multiple Choice
fresh fruits and vegetables
charcoal-grilled meat
margarine
dark beer
fresh fruits and vegetables
Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ________.
Multiple Choice
thiamin
iron
folate
vitamin B-12
Folate
The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
Multiple Choice
riboflavin
beta-carotene
biotin
vitamin C
Biotin
Having excess body fat increases the risk of ________.
Multiple Choice
scurvy
pellagra
breast cancer
cystic fibrosis
Breast cancer
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?
Multiple Choice
Whole wheat bread
Blueberries
Brussels sprouts
Sardines
Sardines
