Chapter 10 - Water Soluable Vitamins Flashcards
The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins.
water-soluable
The body is able to store which group of vitamins?
fat-soluable vitamins
In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are
used as coenzymes
______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.
Thiamine
Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because
excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine.
Choose the vitamins that are classified as water-soluble.
folate
biotin
pantothenic acid
taurine
niacin
folate
biotin
pantothenic acid
niacin
The _____ soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess _____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine.
fat, water
Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?
Riboflavin
When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its ____ function.
coenzyme
A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as
glossitis
Which vitamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because it is readily excreted in urine?
Thiamin
Choose functions of niacin.
helps to control blood glucose levels
involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients
involved in at least 200 reactions
used to make NAD and NADP
involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients
involved in at least 200 reactions
used to make NAD and NADP
Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include
scurvy.
spina bifida.
cheilosis.
glossitis.
cheilosis.
glossitis.
Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?
Niacin
People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of
Niacin
Pantothenic acid is a component of ____ ______
Coenzyme A
Burning feet syndrome may be a sign of a deficiency of
panthothenic acid
Choose functions of pantothenic acid.
- Helps with wound healing
- needed for fatty acid synthesis
- releases energy from macronutrients
- component of coenzyme A
needed for fatty acid synthesis
releases energy from macronutrients
component of coenzyme A
Salmon, tuna, mushrooms, and enriched breads are all good sources of
niacin
Niacin participates in which of the following:
Energy metabolism
DNA synthesis
Immune system functioning
Bone mineralization
Energy metabolism
Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, ________ is rare
biotin
True or False
Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common.
False
In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that
add carbon dioxide to other compounds.
In the body, pantothenic acid is important for
fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism
What plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine.
Vitamin B-6
Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?
Biotin
Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.
Vitamin B-6
Biotin’s roles in the body includes ______.
protein synthesis
fatty acid synthesis
amino acid breakdown
What is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.
homocysteine
What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?
Covulsions
Dermatitis
Anemia
Depression
Confusion
The synthetic form of folate is called
folic acid
What are some good food sources of folate?
asparagus
leafy veggies
liver
what is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.
folic acid
A diet adequate in _____________ is recommended for preventing neural tube defects.
folate
Cells require vitamin _____ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.
B-12
Intestinal enzymes are necessary to remove ___________ from naturally-occurring folate.
glutamate
Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed?
Natural form of vitamin B-12 or Synthetic form of Vitamin B-12
Synthetic Form of Vitamin B-12
Anancephaly and _________ __________ are two neural tube defects that may occur if a woman’s diet is low in folate.
spina bifida
What are some food sources of vitamin B-12?
meat
poultry
milk
eggs
People who eat little/no animal products may have a deficiency of
B-12
What British physician discovered a cure for Scurvy?
James Lind
The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______.
brain and spinal cord
Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?
Vitamin C
Since this vitamin is only found in animal products, people who eat little/no meat are at risk for a deficiency of ______.
B-12
Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin
C
A liquid mixture that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally is called a
total parental solution
_____ helps hold the watery and fatty ingredients together in a product.
Lecithin
True or False
Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.
False
A vitamin-like compound that may be conditionally essential in diabetes is
Inositol
Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because
of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to oxidative damage
Although plants do not contain ___________, vegetarians do not develop a deficiency of this compound, suggesting that it isn’t essential.
taurine
Why is lecithin added to certain foods?
to help keep watery and fatty ingredients mixed
One role of lipoic acid in the body is with
antioxidants
Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for
carnitine
Inositol may be conditionally essential in
certain cancers
diabetes
multiple sclerosis
How is a total parenteral solution administered?
into the vein
Three leading causes of cancer death for women are ______.
colorectum cancer
lung and bronchus cancer
breat cancer
The vitamin-like compound that removes carbon dioxide from compounds is
lipoic acid
A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is
cancer
True or False
Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.
False
Certain substances in foods and beverages promote cancer development. ____________, , a component of many drinks, is an example of a carcinogen.
alcohol
High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the
lung
oral
esophageal
stomach
colon
Cancer is characterized by cells that have undergone damage or ________ to certain genes.
mutations
Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for
inositol
Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for
cancer
A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include
increasing your intake of whole grains
limiting consumption of red meat
increasing your intake of fruits
Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include
Vitamin C
Carotenoids
Phytochemicals
The American Cancer Society recommends you do the following in order to reduce cancer risk.
avoid exposure to tobacco
become physically active
maintain a healthy weight
Tom read in a body building magazine that vitamin B-6 is needed for absorption of amino acids to support muscle tissue synthesis. He bought a container of Mega B-6 capsules, which contain 250 milligrams of vitamin B-6 per capsule. The recommended dosage is 1 capsule per day, but Tom reasons that he has a long way to go to reach his body building goals, so he will take one with each meal. Vitamin B-6 intakes at this level are most likely to damage the _______ system.
nervous
