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Nutrition In Health > Chapter 10 - Water Soluable Vitamins > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Water Soluable Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins.

A

water-soluable

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2
Q

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

A

fat-soluable vitamins

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3
Q

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

A

used as coenzymes

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4
Q

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

A

Thiamine

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5
Q

Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because

A

excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine.

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6
Q

Choose the vitamins that are classified as water-soluble.

folate

biotin

pantothenic acid

taurine

niacin

A

folate

biotin

pantothenic acid

niacin

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7
Q

The _____ soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess _____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine.

A

fat, water

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8
Q

Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?

A

Riboflavin

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9
Q

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its ____ function.

A

coenzyme

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10
Q

A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as

A

glossitis

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11
Q

Which vitamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because it is readily excreted in urine?

A

Thiamin

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12
Q

Choose functions of niacin.

helps to control blood glucose levels

involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients

involved in at least 200 reactions

used to make NAD and NADP

A

involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients

involved in at least 200 reactions

used to make NAD and NADP

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include

scurvy.

spina bifida.

cheilosis.

glossitis.

A

cheilosis.

glossitis.

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14
Q

Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?

A

Niacin

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15
Q

People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of

A

Niacin

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16
Q

Pantothenic acid is a component of ____ ______

A

Coenzyme A

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17
Q

Burning feet syndrome may be a sign of a deficiency of

A

panthothenic acid

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18
Q

Choose functions of pantothenic acid.

  1. Helps with wound healing
  2. needed for fatty acid synthesis
  3. releases energy from macronutrients
  4. component of coenzyme A
A

needed for fatty acid synthesis

releases energy from macronutrients

component of coenzyme A

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19
Q

Salmon, tuna, mushrooms, and enriched breads are all good sources of

A

niacin

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20
Q

Niacin participates in which of the following:

Energy metabolism

DNA synthesis

Immune system functioning

Bone mineralization

A

Energy metabolism

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21
Q

Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, ________ is rare

A

biotin

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22
Q

True or False

Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common.

A

False

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23
Q

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

A

add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

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24
Q

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

A

fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism

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25
Q

What plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine.

A

Vitamin B-6

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26
Q

Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?

A

Biotin

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27
Q

Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.

A

Vitamin B-6

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28
Q

Biotin’s roles in the body includes ______.

A

protein synthesis
fatty acid synthesis
amino acid breakdown

29
Q

What is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.

A

homocysteine

30
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?

A

Covulsions
Dermatitis
Anemia
Depression
Confusion

31
Q

The synthetic form of folate is called

A

folic acid

32
Q

What are some good food sources of folate?

A

asparagus
leafy veggies
liver

33
Q

what is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.

A

folic acid

34
Q

A diet adequate in _____________ is recommended for preventing neural tube defects.

A

folate

35
Q

Cells require vitamin _____ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.

A

B-12

36
Q

Intestinal enzymes are necessary to remove ___________ from naturally-occurring folate.

A

glutamate

37
Q

Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed?

Natural form of vitamin B-12 or Synthetic form of Vitamin B-12

A

Synthetic Form of Vitamin B-12

38
Q

Anancephaly and _________ __________ are two neural tube defects that may occur if a woman’s diet is low in folate.

A

spina bifida

39
Q

What are some food sources of vitamin B-12?

A

meat
poultry
milk
eggs

40
Q

People who eat little/no animal products may have a deficiency of

A

B-12

41
Q

What British physician discovered a cure for Scurvy?

A

James Lind

42
Q

The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______.

A

brain and spinal cord

43
Q

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

44
Q

Since this vitamin is only found in animal products, people who eat little/no meat are at risk for a deficiency of ______.

A

B-12

45
Q

Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin

A

C

46
Q

A liquid mixture that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally is called a

A

total parental solution

47
Q

_____ helps hold the watery and fatty ingredients together in a product.

A

Lecithin

48
Q

True or False

Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.

A

False

49
Q

A vitamin-like compound that may be conditionally essential in diabetes is

A

Inositol

50
Q

Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because

A

of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to oxidative damage

51
Q

Although plants do not contain ___________, vegetarians do not develop a deficiency of this compound, suggesting that it isn’t essential.

A

taurine

52
Q

Why is lecithin added to certain foods?

A

to help keep watery and fatty ingredients mixed

53
Q

One role of lipoic acid in the body is with

A

antioxidants

54
Q

Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for

A

carnitine

55
Q

Inositol may be conditionally essential in

A

certain cancers
diabetes
multiple sclerosis

56
Q

How is a total parenteral solution administered?

A

into the vein

57
Q

Three leading causes of cancer death for women are ______.

A

colorectum cancer
lung and bronchus cancer
breat cancer

58
Q

The vitamin-like compound that removes carbon dioxide from compounds is

A

lipoic acid

59
Q

A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is

A

cancer

60
Q

True or False

Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.

A

False

61
Q

Certain substances in foods and beverages promote cancer development. ____________, , a component of many drinks, is an example of a carcinogen.

A

alcohol

62
Q

High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the

A

lung
oral
esophageal
stomach
colon

63
Q

Cancer is characterized by cells that have undergone damage or ________ to certain genes.

A

mutations

64
Q

Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for

A

inositol

65
Q

Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for

A

cancer

66
Q

A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include

A

increasing your intake of whole grains
limiting consumption of red meat
increasing your intake of fruits

67
Q

Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include

A

Vitamin C
Carotenoids
Phytochemicals

68
Q

The American Cancer Society recommends you do the following in order to reduce cancer risk.

A

avoid exposure to tobacco

become physically active

maintain a healthy weight

69
Q

Tom read in a body building magazine that vitamin B-6 is needed for absorption of amino acids to support muscle tissue synthesis. He bought a container of Mega B-6 capsules, which contain 250 milligrams of vitamin B-6 per capsule. The recommended dosage is 1 capsule per day, but Tom reasons that he has a long way to go to reach his body building goals, so he will take one with each meal. Vitamin B-6 intakes at this level are most likely to damage the _______ system.

A

nervous

Nutrition In Health (12 decks)

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