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Nutrition In Health > Chapter 10 - Water Soluable Vitamins > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Water Soluable Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins.

A

water-soluable

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2
Q

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

A

fat-soluable vitamins

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3
Q

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

A

used as coenzymes

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4
Q

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

A

Thiamine

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5
Q

Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because

A

excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine.

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6
Q

Choose the vitamins that are classified as water-soluble.

folate

biotin

pantothenic acid

taurine

niacin

A

folate

biotin

pantothenic acid

niacin

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7
Q

The _____ soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess _____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine.

A

fat, water

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8
Q

Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?

A

Riboflavin

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9
Q

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its ____ function.

A

coenzyme

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10
Q

A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as

A

glossitis

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11
Q

Which vitamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because it is readily excreted in urine?

A

Thiamin

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12
Q

Choose functions of niacin.

helps to control blood glucose levels

involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients

involved in at least 200 reactions

used to make NAD and NADP

A

involved in the pathway that releases energy from macronutrients

involved in at least 200 reactions

used to make NAD and NADP

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include

scurvy.

spina bifida.

cheilosis.

glossitis.

A

cheilosis.

glossitis.

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14
Q

Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?

A

Niacin

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15
Q

People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of

A

Niacin

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16
Q

Pantothenic acid is a component of ____ ______

A

Coenzyme A

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17
Q

Burning feet syndrome may be a sign of a deficiency of

A

panthothenic acid

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18
Q

Choose functions of pantothenic acid.

  1. Helps with wound healing
  2. needed for fatty acid synthesis
  3. releases energy from macronutrients
  4. component of coenzyme A
A

needed for fatty acid synthesis

releases energy from macronutrients

component of coenzyme A

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19
Q

Salmon, tuna, mushrooms, and enriched breads are all good sources of

A

niacin

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20
Q

Niacin participates in which of the following:

Energy metabolism

DNA synthesis

Immune system functioning

Bone mineralization

A

Energy metabolism

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21
Q

Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, ________ is rare

A

biotin

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22
Q

True or False

Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common.

A

False

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23
Q

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

A

add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

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24
Q

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

A

fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism

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25
What plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine.
Vitamin B-6
26
Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?
Biotin
27
Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.
Vitamin B-6
28
Biotin's roles in the body includes ______.
protein synthesis fatty acid synthesis amino acid breakdown
29
What is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.
homocysteine
30
What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?
Covulsions Dermatitis Anemia Depression Confusion
31
The synthetic form of folate is called
folic acid
32
What are some good food sources of folate?
asparagus leafy veggies liver
33
what is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.
folic acid
34
A diet adequate in _____________ is recommended for preventing neural tube defects.
folate
35
Cells require vitamin _____ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.
B-12
36
Intestinal enzymes are necessary to remove ___________ from naturally-occurring folate.
glutamate
37
Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed? Natural form of vitamin B-12 or Synthetic form of Vitamin B-12
Synthetic Form of Vitamin B-12
38
Anancephaly and _________ __________ are two neural tube defects that may occur if a woman's diet is low in folate.
spina bifida
39
What are some food sources of vitamin B-12?
meat poultry milk eggs
40
People who eat little/no animal products may have a deficiency of
B-12
41
What British physician discovered a cure for Scurvy?
James Lind
42
The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______.
brain and spinal cord
43
Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?
Vitamin C
44
Since this vitamin is only found in animal products, people who eat little/no meat are at risk for a deficiency of ______.
B-12
45
Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin
C
46
A liquid mixture that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally is called a
total parental solution
47
_____ helps hold the watery and fatty ingredients together in a product.
Lecithin
48
True or False Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.
False
49
A vitamin-like compound that may be conditionally essential in diabetes is
Inositol
50
Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because
of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to oxidative damage
51
Although plants do not contain ___________, vegetarians do not develop a deficiency of this compound, suggesting that it isn't essential.
taurine
52
Why is lecithin added to certain foods?
to help keep watery and fatty ingredients mixed
53
One role of lipoic acid in the body is with
antioxidants
54
Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for
carnitine
55
Inositol may be conditionally essential in
certain cancers diabetes multiple sclerosis
56
How is a total parenteral solution administered?
into the vein
57
Three leading causes of cancer death for women are ______.
colorectum cancer lung and bronchus cancer breat cancer
58
The vitamin-like compound that removes carbon dioxide from compounds is
lipoic acid
59
A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is
cancer
60
True or False Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.
False
61
Certain substances in foods and beverages promote cancer development. ____________, , a component of many drinks, is an example of a carcinogen.
alcohol
62
High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the
lung oral esophageal stomach colon
63
Cancer is characterized by cells that have undergone damage or ________ to certain genes.
mutations
64
Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for
inositol
65
Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for
cancer
66
A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include
increasing your intake of whole grains limiting consumption of red meat increasing your intake of fruits
67
Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include
Vitamin C Carotenoids Phytochemicals
68
The American Cancer Society recommends you do the following in order to reduce cancer risk.
avoid exposure to tobacco become physically active maintain a healthy weight
69
Tom read in a body building magazine that vitamin B-6 is needed for absorption of amino acids to support muscle tissue synthesis. He bought a container of Mega B-6 capsules, which contain 250 milligrams of vitamin B-6 per capsule. The recommended dosage is 1 capsule per day, but Tom reasons that he has a long way to go to reach his body building goals, so he will take one with each meal. Vitamin B-6 intakes at this level are most likely to damage the _______ system.
nervous

Nutrition In Health (12 decks)

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