Chapter 9 - Vitamin Overview And Fat Soluable Vitamins Flashcards
What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?
(A) the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
(B) the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health
(C) signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet
(D) the nutrient can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities if intake is not adequate
(A) the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
(B) the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health
(C) signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all _______ -soluble vitamins.
Fat
Vitamins provide ______ kilocalories per gram
Zero
Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?
Body cells can store vitamins to some extent.
Bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins.
Your body can synthesize vitamin D
The amine in vitamin means ______
A nitrogen-containing substance
What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?
Vitamin
Choose the vitamins that are fat-soluble.
vitamin E
vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin K
What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?
Small intestine
How do vitamins participate in energy production?
they participate in the chemical reactions that produce energy
Which statement is most accurate?
Multiple choice question.
A healthy diet requires that a person consume 100% of the RDA or AI of each vitamin on a daily basis.
A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years.
A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years.
Most people do not need to be concerned about vitamin toxicity unless they are
taking megadoses of vitamin supplements or consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods.
Preserving water-soluble vitamins in food preparation can be achieved by
cutting produce into large pieces.
discarding water used to cook vegetables.
cooking vegetables in small amounts of water.
cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins.
cutting produce into large pieces.
cooking vegetables in small amounts of water.
cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins.
What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?
Multiple select question.
the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
the nutrient can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities if intake is not adequate
signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet
the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health
the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet
the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health
Which fat-soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body?
vitamin A
vitamin D
vitamin E
vitamin K
Vitamin E
The _________ __________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption.
Small Intestine
The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called
carotenoids
What vitamin participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth.
Vitamin A
Which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors?
Vitamin K
What roles does vitamin A play in the body?
Cell production
Formation of epithelial cells
Cell growth
Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water, cutting produce into large pieces, and cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins are all effective ways to reduce the loss of _____ that easily leach out of food and dissolve in cooking water.
water-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is for matches
Choicenormal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function
Vitamin A
Which vitamins matches
absorption of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of normal blood calcium, calcification of bone, and maintenance of immune function
Vitamin D
Which vitamin is for antioxidant
Vitamin E
Which vitamin is for production of active blood-clotting factors, prevention of soft tissue calcification
Vitamin K
Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to ______ _______ _________ (RBP)
Red-Binding Protein
Who is least at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?
Children who like veggies
Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of _________
, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency.
rickets
Where is most of the vitamin A in the body stored?
liver
Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow-orange in color because of the presence of what?
chlorophyll
Which groups of people are most at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?
Older adults
Preschoolers who don’t eat vegetables
People with fat malabsorption
People who do not exercise frequently
Older adults
Preschoolers who don’t eat vegetables
People with fat malabsorption
Which roles does vitamin D play in the body?
Assists with absorption of calcium
Maintains phosphorus levels in blood
Maintenance of bones
Production of bones
What are some signs and symptoms of rickets?
muscle pain
misshapen bones
soft bones
According to a nationwide survey, approximately ______ of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D.
50%
Vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in cell membranes from being damaged by _______ ________
free radicals
About 10% of the body’s supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by ______.
intestinal bacteria
Several long-term studies have shown a(n) _______ relationship between vitamin K intake and the risk for osteoporosis.
inverse
Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long-term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can _____ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally.
reduce
What is a condition that results in the overproduction of mucus that negatively affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sexual organs?
Cystic Fibrosis
What is the primary function of vitamin K?
blood clotting
A high level of salt in sweat is a positive sign for a diagnosis of
cystic fibrosis
The adequate intake (AI) for vitamin K can be met easily by eating a salad that contains 1 cup of _______ and 2 tablespoons of salad dressing made with canola oil.
The adequate intake (AI) for vitamin K can be met easily by eating a salad that contains 1 cup of _______ and 2 tablespoons of salad dressing made with canola oil.
