Mid 2: Drugs for hypertension

Question 1

systolic pressure normal range

Answer 1

90-120

Question 2

diastolic normal range

Answer 2

60-80

Question 3

two hypertension types

Answer 3

primary

secondary: PCC tumor, aldosterone tumor, etc.

Question 4

Baroreceptor reflex

Answer 4

fast response

blood vessel wall stretch indicates high pressure level, donw symp and up parasymp

Question 5

blood pressure slow response

Answer 5

uses renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone

Question 6

arterial blood pressure formula

Answer 6

blood pressure = (cardiac output) * (peripheral vascular resistance)

Question 7

diuretics

Answer 7

decreases blood pressure by decreasing blood volume

inhibit resabsorption of na in kidney, increases osmotic pressure and therfore water flow into urine

Question 8

Thiazide and a-effects

Answer 8

diuretic

inhibits na/cl cotransporter, increased Na+

early distal tube

hypokalemia - low k+

Question 9

loop diuretics

Answer 9

inhibits na/k/cl cotransporter in loop of henle

strong effect

Question 10

furosemide

Answer 10

loop diuretic

Question 11

hydrochlorthizaide

Answer 11

thiazide diuretic

Question 12

potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 12

some na blocking and diuresis but main function is reduced k secretion. Used with other diuretics to reduce hypkalemia

late distal tube and collecting duct

Question 13

amiloride

Answer 13

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 14

renin angiostenisn system

Answer 14

renin generates angiotensin I, ACE converts to angiotensin II which stimulates vasoconstriction and increase aldosterone which leads to increased water/na retention which leads to increased blood pressure
renin is secreted in response to reduced renal afferent pressure, reduced nacl in distal tube, increases sympathetic activity

Question 15

ACE inhibitors

Answer 15

reduce formation of angiotensin II to reduce blood pressure

reduces blood volume and reduces vasoconstriciton

Question 16

-pril

Answer 16

ACE inhibitors

Question 17

captopril and a-efects

Answer 17

ace inhibitor

dry cough, reduced tasting due to sulfhydryle group

Question 18

analapril

Answer 18

ace inhib

lacks sulfahydryl so no taste inhib

Question 19

ace inhib adverse

Answer 19

dry cough (bradykinin)

fetal neonatal death injury

Question 20

angiotensin receptor blockers and a-effect

Answer 20

reduce blood pressure w/o dry cough

fetal and neonate injury and death

Question 21

losartan

Answer 21

angiotensin receptor block

Question 22

valsartan

Answer 22

angiotensin receptor block

Question 23

aliskiren and a -eff

Answer 23

reduces hypertension by inhibiting renin activity

fetal and neonate death

Question 24

-olol drugs

Answer 24

b1 blocker

reduce heart rate and contractility

reduce renin secretion and therfore blood pressure

Question 25

-zosin drugs

Answer 25

block a1 receptor to vasodilate and reduce blood pressure

Question 26

Clonidine

Answer 26

a2 receptor agonist in brainstem, reduces blood pressure in hypertenisve emerg

Question 27

methyldopa

Answer 27

a2 receptor agonist in brainstem, reduces blood pressure in pregnant patients

Question 28

calcium channel blocker

Answer 28

vasodilators treat hypertension

Question 29

sodium nitroprusside

Answer 29

vasodilator used in hypertensive emergenceis