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PHA > Mid 1: ANS > Flashcards

Mid 1: ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic NTs

A

NE in most, ACh in sweat glands

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2
Q

Parasymp NTs

A

ACh

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3
Q

Muscarinic receptor types and locations

A

M1: some neurons
M2: heart
M3: smooth muscle, glands

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4
Q

Nicotinic receptor locations

A

Autonomic ganglia, skeletal muscle, some CNS neurons

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5
Q

M3 molecular pathway

A

Gq > IP3 > Ca2+ release

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6
Q

M3 actions in different locations

A

-Smooth muscle: contraction

-blood vessel: vasodilation

-glands: secretion

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7
Q

M2 molecular path

A

Gi > AC inhib > decrease Camp

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8
Q

M2 actions in different locations (with path )

A

-atrial muscle: reduced cAMP > reduced Ca2+ influx > reduced contractility

-pacemaker tissue (SA node):
G beta gamma subunits activate ACh sensitive K+ channels, lower heart reate

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9
Q

M3 smooth muscle contraction pathway

A

Gq > IP3 > IP3 > Ca2+ release > Ca2+ binds calmodulin > activates myosin light chain kinase > MLCK phosphs myosin > myosin binds actin forming cross bridge

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10
Q

Nitric oxide pathway

A

ACh M3 activation in endothelial cell, L-arginine and nitric oxide synthase, NO generated, guyanylyl cyclase in smooth muscle, inc cGMP, inhibition L type ca channels, decreased MLCK , increased MLCK phosphatase

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11
Q

Nn: location, agonists, antagonists

A

nicotinic receptor n location: postganglionic neurons
agonists: ACh, nicotine
antag: hexamethonium

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12
Q

Nm: location, ag, antag

A

Nicotinic m type
loc: skeletal muscle
ag: Ach, nicotine
antag: tubocurarine

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13
Q

alpha1 receptor location, functions, molecular path

A

location: smooth muscles, exocrine glands, CNS

func: contraction, secretion

path: Gq, PL-C, IP3, SR Ca2+ release

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14
Q

alpha 2 loc, func, path

A

-loc: presynaptic membrane
-func: autoreceptor
-path: Gi, reduced cAMP/PKA, reduced Ca2+ influx

-loc: blood platelets
-function: platelet aggregation
-path: Gi, reduced cAMP, platelet agg

-loc:pancreatic beta cells
-func: insulin secrete
-inc Ca2+, insulin

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15
Q

beta 1 loc, func, path

A

loc: heart and kidney

path: Gs, cAMP/PKA, Ca2+ influx

func: increase heart rate and contractility, renin secretion in kidney

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16
Q

beta 2 loc, func, path

A

loc: smooth muscles of airway, blood vessels in skeletal muscle

path: Gs, cAMP, inhib MLCK, smooth muscle relax

func: smooth muscle relax

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17
Q

iris circular muscle: function, receptor, symp/para

A

sphincter
constriction (miosis)
parasympathetic activation of m3 receptor

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18
Q

iris radial muscle: function, receptor, symp/para

A

dilator
dilation (mydriasis)
sympathetic activation of alpha1 receptor

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19
Q

synth path of NE

A

tyrosine, dopa, DA , NE

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20
Q

transport path DA/NE

A

-vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) puts DA in synaptic vesicles

-in vesicles dopamine beta-hydroxilase converts to NE

-NE reuptake through NE transporter/NET/Uptake 1

-cytoplasmic NE vesicled w/ vmat or degraded with MAO

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21
Q

degredation NE and E

A

MAO and COMT converts both to vanillymandelic acid (VMA)

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22
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Adrenal medulla tumor

high Ne and E production

hypertension

urine VMA levels elevated

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23
Q

reserpine

A

inhibition of NE storage

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24
Q

guanethidine

A

inhib of NE release

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25
pargyline
MAO inhib of NE degradation
26
cocaine, SSRI, tricyclics
NE reuptake inhibs
27
alpha methyl tyrosine
NE synth inhibitot
28
effect of E/NE on blood vessels
E: Skin blood vessels constrict (a1) skeletal blood vessels dilate (B2) NE: all blood vessels vasoconstriction(a1 activation dominates)
29
phenylphrine
smooth muscle contraction alpha receptor agonist helps stop bleeding, nasal decongestion, hypotension, induces mydriasis
30
prazosin
smooth muscle relaxation alpha 1 antag
31
tamsulosin
smooth muscle relax alpha 1 antag
32
clonidine
a2 agonist decreases NE release
33
yohimbine, use
a2 agonist decreases NE release erectile dysfunction
34
phenoxybenzamine
irreversible a1/a2 blocker
35
phentolamine
reversible a1/a2 blocker
36
dobutamine
beta 1 agonist increases cardiac contractility and heart rate
37
salbutamol
B2 agonist relaxation of lung airways
38
isoproterenol
b1/b2 agonist cardiac stimulation (b1), bronchodilation (b2)
39
Atenolol, metoprolol
selective B1 blocker reduce heart rate and contractility, reduce renin secretion to reduce hypertnsion
40
metoprolol
selective B1 blocker reduce heart rate and contractility, reduce renin secretion to reduce hypertnsion
41
nadolol
b1/b2 blocker reduce heart rate and contractility, reduce renin secretion to reduce hypertnsion airway contraction hypoglycemia (blocked b2 in liver leads to reduced glucose release)
42
propranolol
b1/b2 blocker reduce heart rate and contractility, reduce renin secretion to reduce hypertnsion airway contraction hypoglycemia (blocked b2 in liver leads to reduced glucose release)
43
Carvedilol
blocks a1/b1 congestive heart failure treatment
44
labetalol
blocks a1/a2/b1/b2 treats hypertensive emergencies
45
types of sympathomimetics
direct: a and b agonists indirect: reuptake inhibs, MAO inhibs, displacement drugs
46
Tyramine
displacement drug
47
ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
displacement drugs mixed acting agonists: in addition to displacement they bind a1 receptirs causing vasoconstriction nasal congestion, hypotension
48
amphetamine and methamphetamine
displacement drugs increase CNS NE
49
displacement drugs
binds uptake1 aka net reverses action so that vesicular NE is released to cleft
50
methylphenydate
amphetamine related treatment to adhd
51
lisdexamfetamine
amphetamine related treatment to adhd
52
ACh synth and deg
choline enters cell through Na+ choline cotransporter choline acetyltransferase makes ACh from AcCoA choline after release ACh is degraded by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetate
53
hemicholinium
inhib of choline uptake
54
vesamicol
inhib of ACh storage
55
botulinum toxin
inhib of ACh release relaxes skel and smooth muscles
56
nerve gasses
Acetylcholinesterase inhibs
57
alpha latrotoxin
stims ACh release to cleft muscle contraction, pain black widows
58
Acetylcholine
choline ester musc and nic receptor activation
59
carbachol
choline ester musc and nic receptor activation
60
bethanechol
choline ester musc receptor activation
61
muscarine
plant alkalooid musc agonist
62
nicotine
plant alkaloid nic agonist
63
pilocarpine
plant alkaloid agonist to musc > nic glaucoma treatment
64
Timolol
Beta blocker glaucoma treatment
65
Indirect acting cholinomimetics
inhibitors of AChE
66
neostigmine
reversible AchE inhib reverse skeletal muscle paralysis, treat myesthenia gravis
67
edrophonium
reversible AchE inhib reverse skeletal muscle paralysis, test for myesthenia gravis
68
dyflos
organophosphate pesticide Irreversible AChE inhib
69
parathion
organophosphate pesticide Irreversible AChE inhib
70
malathion
organophosphate pesticide Irreversible AChE inhib head lice treatment
71
sarin
nerve gas Irreversible AChE inhib
72
tabun
nerve gas Irreversible AChE inhib
73
pralidoxime
Irreversible AChE inhib treatment reduces cleft ACh
74
Atropine
musc receptor antag Irreversible AChE inhib treatment mydriasis and blurry vision (cannot change lense shape to fucus on near objects)
75
scopolomine
musc antag motion sickness (vestib neurotransmission)
76
tubocurarine
nic antag muscle relax cannot breath
77
pancuronium
nic antag muscle relax cannot breath

PHA (13 decks)

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