Microscopy part 2

Question 1

what is the stain used in acid fast staining?

Answer 1

fuschin

Question 2

How does acid fast staining work?

Answer 2

fuschin is added into mycobacteria under high high heat, the solution cools down, mycobacteria harden, and then everything is washed with acid alcohol, removes stain everywhere except the mycobacteria

Question 3

what two gram positive groups make spores

Answer 3

bacillus and clostridium

Question 4

how does spore staining work?

Answer 4

high heat makes them permeable, malachite green stains everything. the mixture cools, everything washed, then stained with safranin. green still stay in spores, but everything else is red

Question 5

define sporangium

Answer 5

bacterial cell with endospore

Question 6

define vegetative cell

Answer 6

bacterial cell that is just chillin

Question 7

define endospore

Answer 7

spore that is still within the sporangium

Question 8

how does vital staining work?

Answer 8

Sytox green (SG) binds to DNA of dead cells, not live ones, because the DNA is easy to get at since the cell membrane is damaged. DAPI blue is then used, which can stain the DNA of everything. Therefore, live = blue, dead = purple

Question 9

how does metabolic staining work?

Answer 9

CTC is used, which gets gets reduced by succinate dehydrogenase to a red fluorescent colour. therefore, red cell are undergoing metabolism.

Question 10

what is the stain used to stain dead DNA?

Answer 10

sytox green

Question 11

what is the stain used to stain all DNA, live and dead?

Answer 11

DAPI blue

Question 12

what is the stain used in metabolic staining?

Answer 12

CTC red

Question 13

what is the secondary antibody that binds to the primary antibody in immunofluorescence

Answer 13

fluorochrome

Question 14

what do fluorochromes emit?

Answer 14

visible light when excited by UV