History of microbiology Flashcards
what did aristotle believe about the origin of life?
in 300 B.C., he believed that life arose from nonliving matter: life appears spontaneously from the appropriate ingredients
what experiment did jan baptista van helmont do?
the open container of soiled garments and wheat
what did jan baptista van helmont conclude from his experiment
the wheat had disapeared, there were mice instead, so he concluded inert materials could propagate life, and that the spontaneous life could reproduce
who first challenged spontaneous generation
francesco redi
what experiment did francesco redit perform?
the cheese cloth covering the meat, and the uncovered jar and uncovered jars
what was the conclusion of the experiment fransesco redi performed?
life can only come from life, but could not explain microbial growth
who was the father of the microscope?
van leeuwenhoek
what did van leeuenhoek call the microbes he observed
animalcules
Who was the first person to describe bacteria and protists
van leeuwenhoek
what did needham believe in?
SG
what did spallanzani believe in?
life did not come from SG. instead, microbes come from the air and infect broth
what were the three parts of the experiment of spallanzani vs. needham
- broth heated and left to cool opened
- broth heated, with lid always closed and allowed to cool
- broth heated closed, and then uncovered and allowed to cool
what was needhams response to the outcome of the experiment
you need the fresh air source for SG
what theory did pasteur make
germ theory
what was pasteurs theory
microorganisms fall from the air and grow if they fall on appropriate medium for food
what did pasteur categorically prove (2)
life comes from life, germs are the cause of disease
describe pasteurs experiment in 4 steps
- he makes a glass flask with a gooseneck, which allows passage of air, but not of microbes, which fall straight down
- once the mixture is boiled, no bacteria grow in broth
- dirt collects in the neck of the flask
- when the broth interacts with the dirt, then bacteria grow
what did pasteur prove in animals that he did not prove in humans?
He proved that germs cause disease in animals, but not in humans
who concluded that colonies are pure cultures that arise from one type of bacteria?
koch
what was koch’s methodology observing colonies?
He used the medium of agar to grow them on, which stays solid and is not digested by most bacteria
what was the bacteria koch obtained from studying anthrax
bacillus anthracic
what are microorganisms responsible for disease?
pathogens
