bacterial anatomy part 2

Question 1

what are the two kinds of glycocalyx?

Answer 1

mucoid layer and capsule

Question 2

characteristics of mucoid layer

Answer 2

EPS poorly organized and loosely attached to cell wall

scaffold of biofilms

Question 3

what are three advantages to forming biofilms

Answer 3

1. form a community with others for protection
2. allows adhesion to surfaces
3. gives microbes virulence factor

Question 4

characteristics of capsule

Answer 4

EPS is firmly attached to the cell wall

Question 5

advantages of capsule (3)

Answer 5

allows adhesion to surfaces
protection against phagocytosis
can resist immune response

Question 6

What are fimbrae and what do I use them for

Answer 6

1. thin hollow fibres composed on protein subunits

2. allows adhesion in place of high flow

Question 7

define surfactant

Answer 7

a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved

Question 8

what is the single protein in flagella called?

Answer 8

flagellin

Question 9

gram positive flagella?

Answer 9

only one anchor point in membrane, hook begins deep in peptidoglycan layer

Question 10

gram negative flagella?

Answer 10

second anchoring point in peptidoglycan layer

Question 11

what does a magnetostome do?

Answer 11

allows bacteria to orient flagella according to the poles

Question 12

formula of magnetosomes

Answer 12

Fe3O4

Question 13

in what group are of bacteria are gas vesicles found?

Answer 13

cyanobacteria

Question 14

what is another name for the glycocalyx (found in gram negative cell)?

Answer 14

Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS)