Micronutrients (3) Flashcards by Abbie Chase

What are the micronutrient categories?

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What are micronutrient requirements?

complete and balanced - meets all essential nutrient needs

in appropriate ratios

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What are the micronutrient sources?

diet
gastrointestinal microorganisms

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What are some gastrointestinal microorganisms for micronutrient sources?

B vitamins (herbivores)

vitamin K

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What are some example supplemental micronutrients on an ingredient list?

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T/F: No single simple effective test can determine a patient’s micronutrient status

TRUE - waste of money

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What are examples of macro minerals?

calcium
phosphorus
sodium
chloride
magnesium
potassium
sulfur

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What are some examples of micro minerals (trace minerals)?

zinc
copper
selenium
iodine
iron
manganese
molybdenum
cobalt

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What are the minerals molecular structure?

inorganic / elemental
organic (bound to carbon-containing molecule)

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Pathology?

nutritional hyperparathyroidism - secondary to an inverse dietary calcium:phosphorus ratio

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What is the function of calcium?

develop and maintenance of bones, teeth
blood clotting
muscle contraction
cell signaling

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What are examples of calcium deficiencies?

decreased bone density
milk fever
eclampsia
Ca:P ratio

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What happens with phosphorus toxicity?

bone loss
nutritional hyperparathyroidism / nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism

maybe chronic kidney disease

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Hypochloridemia can occur secondary to ____

vomiting

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Chloride is a strong _____ aka _____

anion, acidifier

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What is a potassium deficiency?

hypokalemia can occur secondary to diuretics and CKD - can also result in toxicity

cardiac arrhythmias

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What is grass tetany?

hypomagnesemia

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Look at properties of magnesium

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Look at properties of iron

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Which deficiency results in poor skin and haircoat?

iodine
copper
zinc
vitamin A

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Look at properties of iodine

What does copper deficiency look like?

coat discoloration (rust color)

What does a copper deficiency result in?

anemia
poor skin and haircoat**

What is copper hepatopathy?

copper toxicity - predisposed breeds, kidney disease in sheep

What are clinical signs of a zinc deficiency?

- poor skin and haircoat - decreased appetite, weight loss - decreased reproduction - diarrhea

Look at properties of selenium

Look at properties of manganese

What are the cation micronutrients?

- potassium - sodium - magnesium

What are the anion micronutrients?

- chloride - phosphorus - sulfur

What are the mineral practical tips?

- do not supplement minerals on top of a complete and balanced pet food, unless there is a specific indication - folks involved with pet food/large animal feed production should know what they are doing - if you suspect a nutrient deficiency/toxicity, conduct a nutrition assessment, which includes evaluating the current diet and feeding management