Equine Nutrition I (13) Flashcards by Abbie Chase

Q

Where does fermentation occur in equines? What does it ferment?

A

hindgut, cecum + large intestine

volatile fatty acids - acetate, proprionate, butyrate

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Q

What are the types of volatile fatty acids?

A

acetate
proprionate
butyrate

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Q

In equines, what quality of protein is absorbed in the small intestine? Large?

A

small: high quality

large: low quality

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Q

Where are most hydrolyzable carbs digested and absorbed?

A

small intestine

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Q

Which carbohydrates are classified by their structure?

A

non-structural carbohydrates
structural carbohydrates: cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin

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Q

Which carbohydrates are classified by their type of digestion?

A

hydrolyzable CHO
rapidly fermentable CHO
slowly fermentable CHO

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Q

What are rapidly fermentable CHOs?

A

microbial digestion in LI

resistant starches and some oligosaccharides (fructans)

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Q

What are hydrolyzable CHOs?

A

able to be digested/absorbed in the SI
simple sugars and non-resistant starches

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Q

What type of environment is often insufficient for growing foals, lactating mares, or horses in training?

A

pasture - lower energy and crude protein

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Q

What are the characteristics of pasture grass?

A

mixture of grasses and legumes (clover and grass)
can be variable and uncertain quality
must provide an adequate amount for each horse
often insufficient for growing foals, lactating mares, or horses in training

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Q

Besides pasture, what else can you feed horses?

A

common to batch/meal feed horses - hay and grain and morning and evening

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Q

With [pasture/hay], the feces are drier

A

hay

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Q

What is the relationship between horses grazing and pastures?

A

can eat sufficient daily intake within 4 hours on good pasture - laminitis horses will overeat

ideal to have multiple pastures and use pasture rotation

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Q

Which category of carbohydrate contains resistant starches and fructans?

A

rapidly fermentable carbohydrates

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Q

What are common pasture grasses for horses?

A

Kentucky blue grass

Timothy, orchardgrass, Bermuda grass, tall fescue

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Q

How can you tell if the pasture is adequate?

A

forage analysis

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Q

How do you interpret a forage analysis - crude protein?

A

quantity of protein, doesn’t give any information on quality

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Q

How do you interpret a forage analysis - fiber?

A

lignin, ADF, NDF

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Q

How do you interpret a forage analysis - energy?

A

DE
WSC (water-soluble carbs)
ESC (ethanol soluble carbs)
starch
NFC (non-fiber carbs)
crude fat

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Q

On a forage analysis, what is an indicator of quality?

A

lysine - an essential aa

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Q

How do you interpret a forage analysis - WSC?

A

simple sugars
disaccharides, some polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, fructans

Q

How do you interpret a forage analysis - ESC?

A

subset of WSC, good at determining glycemic response

Q

What do you not want to see on a forage analysis if you have laminitis, insulin resistant, or ulcers with horses?

A

high WSC
high ESC
high starch

Q

What is RFV?

A

relative feed value - relative to a value of 100 (alfalfa)

higher is better

How should you feed hay to horses?

ideally, feed by weight after nutritional analysis performed

What are characteristics of good quality horse hay?

What is dry matter?

dry portion of feed minus water - contains protein, energy (carbs + fat), vitamins, minerals (ash)

What is "as-fed" or "as-is"?

reders to the feed as we would feed it to the animal - DM + water

When do you use "as-fed" or "as-is"?

when we need to know how much feed to give an animal to provide a certain amount of energy/protein or how much feed to purchase

Concentration of nutrients on a DM basis will be [higher/lower] compared to an as-fed basis because there is no water

higher

What is dry matter intake?

total lbs of all feed, **devoid of moisture**, consumed over the course of one day

What is the only accurate basis for determining intake of nutrients in horses?

dry matter

What is the average dry meter intake for horses?

- 1.5-2% of BW at maintenance - 3% of BW at peak lactation - 2-3.5% of BW in growing horses

1050 lb

How do you feed grain to horses?

**weigh and not rely on volume**

How do you store grain?

What are textured feeds?

often have molasses added to increase palatability and to reduce dust (sweet feed)

What are pelleted feeds?

better utilization and digestibility more uniform distribution, unable to sort

What are special feed considerations for feeding lactating mares, weanlings, yearlings, and working horses?

require grain supplementation (concentrate feed)

For horses, energy requirements are calculated as ______

digestible energy - accounts for energy loss in feces

What is the most accurate in predicting what energy is being used by cells in the animal?

net energy

What is the average maintenance requirement of horses 600 kg or less?

16.4 Mcal/day

What are the energy requirements for lactation for first 3 months for equine?

maintenance + 75%

What are the energy requirements for work - light, moderate, heavy in equine?

What do you need to know if you want to know how much hay a horse would need to eat to fulfill its energy requirement and maintain its body weight?

the energy requirement of the horse the energy content of the hay