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NUTRITION CARE > Micronutrient Malnutrition > Flashcards

Micronutrient Malnutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is EAR

A

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of 50% of all healthy individuals in a given life stage and gender group

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2
Q

what is RDA

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): average daily nutrient intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97.5%) healthy individuals in a specified life stage and gender group

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3
Q

what is AI

A

Adequate Intake (AI): when not enough evidence to make an EAR
Expected to meet or exceed the needs for most individuals in a specific life stage or gender group

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4
Q

what is UL

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to post no risks of adverse health effects in almost all individuals

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5
Q

which measurements to use (AI, EAR, RDA..) for populations?? how about individuals?

A

populations: EAR
individuals: RDA or AI

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6
Q

what deficiency leads to beri beri?

A

thiamin

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7
Q

what deficiency leads to wernicke korsakoff?

A

thiamin

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8
Q

what type of foods consist thiamin?

A

mostly meats, salmon, beans

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9
Q

what are deficiency implications of niacin

A

pellagra (4D’s - dementa, dermatitis, diarrhea, and death)

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10
Q

deficiency in pantothenic acid leads to?

A

burning feet syndrome

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11
Q

deficiency in riboflavin leads to?

A

-cheilosis (inflammation and cracking in the corner of the mouth)

-glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)

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12
Q

what type of foods is folate in?

A

-spinach, asparagus, broccoli, brussel sprouts
-fortified in grain products
-higher in raw foods

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13
Q

symptoms of folate deficiency?

A
  • macrocytic megaloblastic anemia (large and has nucleus)
  • DNA synthesis is impaired leading to defective erythrocyte division and maturation

-birth defects: neural tube defects

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14
Q

what foods is vitamin B12 found in?

A

only animal sources

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15
Q

deficiency in B12 leads to?

A

-megaloblastic anemia (large and has a nucleus
- bariatric surgery individuals are at risk

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16
Q

deficiency in what can lead to scurvy?

A

vitamin C

17
Q

deficiency in vitamin A can lead to?

A

night blindness
xerophthalmia (dry eyes)

18
Q

where is vitamin A found?

A
  • animal and plant sources
  • mostly orange and red F&V
19
Q

what foods is vitamin D in ?

A
  • fatty fish
    -milk and margarine
  • mushrooms
  • the sun lol
20
Q

vitamin D deficiency can lead to?

A

-rickets (weak bones in child development)
- osteomalacia (softening of bones)

21
Q

deficiency in calcium can lead to?

A

-rickets (weak bones in child development)
-osteomalacia (softening of bones)
-neuromuscular impairment

22
Q

were is calcium found in foods?

A

-dairy products, some vegetables, nuts, and legumes

23
Q

what are some foods that are calcium inhibitors?

A

-oxalic acid (spinach)
- caffeine
- magnesium
- zinc

24
Q

deficiency in phosphorus can lead to

A

-rickets
-osteomalacia
-bone pain
-anorexia

25
Q

where is magnesium found in foods?

A

nuts
legumes
whole grains
green leafy vegetables
dairy products

26
Q

describe the two forms that iron comes in

A

heme - animal products (more bioavailable)

non-heme: plant

27
Q

what are some enhancers of iron?

A

acids, meat, fish, sugars

28
Q

what are some iron deficiency symptoms?

A
  • anemia (smaller and paler cells)
  • cognitive development/performance
  • immune function
  • infant mortality
29
Q

who is most at risk for vitamin K deficiency?

A
  • newborns (intramuscular injection recommended)
30
Q

what can vitamin K deficiency lead to?

A

blood clotting

31
Q

what foods is vitamin K found in?

A
  • leafy green vegetables
  • plant oils and margarine
32
Q

deficiency in iodine can lead to?

A

goiter (swelling of thyroid gland)

stunted and intellectual development

33
Q

where is iodine found in foods?

A

mostly animal sourced foods
- seafood, meat, eggs, dairy
- salt fortification

NUTRITION CARE (17 decks)

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