HIV/AIDS

Question 1

what is HIV

Answer 1

retrovirus that targets immune cells in the body (T helper)

Question 2

how is HIV transmitted?

Answer 2

• sexual activity
• blood transfusion
• intravenous drug needle sharing

Question 3

what is the criteria for AIDS related wasting syndrome?

Answer 3

weight loss of > 10% without any known cause + fever/diarrhea for > 1 month

Question 4

three treatment of AIDS

Answer 4

1. antiretroviral (ARV) therapy
   - medications used to lower the viral load to undetectable levels
2. prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections
3. maintenance and restoration of nutritional status

Question 5

what are some nutritional implications of AIDS

Answer 5

• poor appetite
• impaired capacity to exercise
• progression to ESRD
• reduction in food intake and increased risk for weight loss
• malabsorption
• inadequate nutrient intake/nutrient losses
• catabolism of muscle stores
• fluid shifts

Question 6

general interventions for AIDS/HIV

Answer 6

• fluid and electrolyte balance
• micronutrients (supplementation may be required in malabsorptive states)

Question 7

describe the guidelines for breastfeeding in resource RICH countries vs. resource POOR countries

Answer 7

resource rich:
- recommended to AVOID breastfeeding, regardless of ARV
- acceptable human milk alternatives are recommended

resource poor:
- ENCOURAGED to breastfeed in conjunction with ARV
- risk of contracting HIV is lower than contracting waterborne diseases in these countries