microcytic anaemia Flashcards
what does transferrin show
total iron binding capacity
what causes raised total iron binding capacity
raised in iron deficiency // raised in pregnancy
how is transferin saturation calculated
iron / TIBC
what is ferritin
storage iron
what raises ferritin
inflamm disorders
what lowers ferritin
iron deficiency
bloods in anaemia chronic dosease
normo/ hypochromic, normocytic anaemia // reduced transferrin saturation and TIBS // normal or raised ferritin
causes microcytic anaemia
TAILS: thalassaemi, anaemia chronic disease, iron def, lead, sideroblastic
what can sometimes cause a normal Hb but low MCV
thalassaemia // polycythaemia rubra secondary to bleeding
what can cause iron deficiency anaemia
bleeding eg menorrhagia, GI bleed // diet eg veggie // malabsorption eg coeliac // increased requirements eg growing kids, pregnancy
symptoms iron def anaemia
fatigue, SOB, paliptations, koilonychia (spoon nail), hair loss, atrophic glossitis, angular stomatits
bloods iron def anaemia (FBC, ferritin, TIBC + transferrin)
FBC = hypochromic microcytic anaemia // ferritin low // TIBC + transferrin = high
films iron def anaemia
target cells, pencil poikilocytes
when is endoscopy indicated iron def anaemia
males and post menopausal females // women Hb <10 and mens <12 –> 2 week cancer referral
mx iron def
ferrous sulfate, diet eg dark veg, meat
how long should iron def mx be given and common SE
3 months after def fixed // GI upset
what can cause anaemia of chronic disease
recurrent inflamm, infection, malignancy
how does anaemic of chronic disease cause anaemia
chronic inflamm –> cytokines –> activate hepicidin (which inhibits iron release) + inhibits EPO
bloods anaemia chronic disease
low Hb, normo or hypocytic // raised ferritin (bc not a problem with iron stores, problem with it being released)
symptoms lead poisoning
abdo pain // peripheral neuropathy // blue lines on mouth // psych // fatigue // constipation
what blood levels are significant in lead
10 mcg
FBC and bloods lead
microcytic anaemia // raised delta aminolaevulinc acid // urin copropophyron
what condition does lead poisoning present similarly too
acute intermittent porphoryia
blood film lead
basophilic stippling