blood pathology

Question 1

blood film in hyposplenism

Answer 1

target cell, howell-jolley

Question 2

what disease can cause hyposplenism

Answer 2

coeliac

Question 3

blood film iron def anaemia

Answer 3

target cells, pencil poikilocytes

Question 4

blood film myelofibrosis

Answer 4

tear drop poikolicytes

Question 5

blood film intravascular haemolysis

Answer 5

shistocutes

Question 6

blood film megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 6

hypersegmented neuts

Question 7

what conditions can show target cells

Answer 7

sickle cell // thalassaemia // iron def // hyposplenism // liver disease

Question 8

what are spherocytes assoc with

Answer 8

hereditary spherocytosis // autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 9

what is basophilic stippling assoc with

Answer 9

lead // thalassaemia // siderblastic // myelodysplasia

Question 10

what are heinz bodies assoc wit

Answer 10

G6PD // alpha thalassaemia

Question 11

what are shistocytes assoc with

Answer 11

intravascular haemolysis // mechanical heart valve // DIC

Question 12

what does haptoglobin do

Answer 12

bind to free iron

Question 13

what does low haptoglobin indicate

Answer 13

intravascular haemolysis

Question 14

what conditions increase MCHC

Answer 14

herediatary spherocytes // autoimmine haemolytic anaemia

Question 15

what conditions decrease MCHC

Answer 15

microcytic anaemia eg iron def

Question 16

what genetic mutation is seen commonly in CML

Answer 16

t9:22 (philidelphia)

Question 17

genetic mutation AML

Answer 17

t15:17

Question 18

genetic mutation Burkitt

Answer 18

t8:14

Question 19

genetical mutation mantle lymphoma

Answer 19

t11:14

Question 20

genetic mutation follicular lymphoma

Answer 20

t14:18

Question 21

what cancers is assoc with EBV

Answer 21

hodkhins, burkitts, nasopharyngeal

Question 22

what cancer is H pylori assoc with

Answer 22

gastric MALT lymphoma

Question 23

what condition is HTLV1 assoc with

Answer 23

T cell leukaemia/ lymphoma

Question 24

what cancer is malaria assoc with

Answer 24

burkitts

Question 25

what is neutropaenia

Answer 25

low neutrophils <1.5

Question 26

vital causes neutropenia

Answer 26

HIV, EBV, hepatitis

Question 27

drugs that cause neutropenia

Answer 27

cytotoxic, carbimazole, clozapine

Question 28

conditions that cause neutropenia

Answer 28

haem malignancy // SLE // rheumatoid // sepsis // haemolysis

Question 29

what can neutropenia cause

Answer 29

severe sepsis

Question 30

causes normocytic anaemia (5)

Answer 30

CKD // chronic disease // aplastic // haemolytic // blood loss

Question 31

what is methaemoglobinaemia

Answer 31

hb that has been oxidised to Fe3 which cannot bind to oxygen

Question 32

what does methaemoglobinaemia do to oxygen curve

Answer 32

shifts to the left (less O2 to tissue)

Question 33

causes methaemoglobinaemia

Answer 33

Hb chains eg HbM, HbH // NADH reducatse def // med // aniline dyes

Question 34

what meds cause methaemoglobinaemia

Answer 34

sulphonamides (eg sulfalazine), nitrates, dapsone

Question 35

features methaemoglobinaemia

Answer 35

chocolate cyanosis // SOB, anxiety, headache // acidosis, arrhythmia, seiure // normal pO2 but decreased O2 sats

Question 36

mx methaemoglobinaemia

Answer 36

NADH methaemoglobinaemia def = ascorbic acid // drug cause = IV methylionium chloride

Question 37

what disease is wiskott-aldrich

Answer 37

pirmary immunodef —> B + T cell dysfunction

Question 38

inheritance wiskott-aldrich

Answer 38

X linked (WASP gene)

Question 39

symptoms wiskott-aldrich

Answer 39

recurrent bacterial infections // eczema // thrombocytopenia // low IgM