leukaemia Flashcards

1
Q

what symptoms warrant V urgent FBC in young people for leukaemia

A

pallor // fatigue // unexplained fever // unexplained infections // lymph // bone pain // unexplained bruising // unexplained bleeding

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2
Q

what is acute leukaemia

A

bone marrow failure –> maturation defects –> increased -blast cells // fast progression

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3
Q

what is the most common childhood malignancy

A

acute lymphocytic leukaemia

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4
Q

peak incidence ALL

A

2-5 (boys slightly > girls)

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5
Q

what condition increases risk of ALL

A

downs

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6
Q

symptoms ALL

A

anaemia: lethargy, pallor // neutropenia: frequent infections // thrombocytopenia bruising, petechia // bone pain // hepatosplenomegaly // fever // testes swelling

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7
Q

types ALL

A

common (75%) // T cell // B cell

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8
Q

poor prognostic factors ALL

A

age <2 // age 10+ // WBC >20 at diagnosis // T or B type // not-white // male

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9
Q

who is acute myeloid leukaemia common in

A

adults (60)

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10
Q

what diseases can progress to AML if not a priamry condition

A

myeloproliferative syndrome eg polycthaemia

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11
Q

AML symptoms

A

anaemia // neutropenia - infections // thrombocytopenia - bleeds // splenomegaly // bone pain

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11
Q

AML symptoms

A

anaemia // neutropenia - infections // thrombocytopenia - bleeds // splenomegaly // bone pain

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12
Q

poor prognosis AML

A

60+ // >20% blasts after chemo // genetics

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13
Q

what is acute promyelocytic leukaeia

A

subtype AML // t(15:17) // younger age 25

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14
Q

presentation acute promyelocytic leukaeia

A

DIC or thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

blood film acute promyelocytic leukaeia (ApML)

A

aeur rods

16
Q

initial invx + findings acute leukaemia

A

FBC + Blood film // low RBC, low platelets, low neutrophils (maybe high WCC) // ApML = auer rods

17
Q

definitive diagnosis acute leukaemia

A

bone marrow aspirate –> immunotyping

18
Q

mx acute leukaemia

A

multi-chemo agents + steroids

19
Q

what is chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

A

monoclonal proliferation mature B cells

20
Q

symptoms CLL

A

usually asmptomatic - mild bleeding, infection, lymph, anorexia, weight loss

21
Q

FBC + film CLL

A

raised lymphocyes // anaemia // thrombocytopenia // film = smudge or smear cells

22
Q

most common leukaemia in adults

A

CLL

23
Q

what type of anaemia is common in CLL

A

autiummune haemolytic anaemia (warm type)

24
Q

diagnostic invx CLL

A

bone marrow –> immunotype

25
Q

complications CLL (4)

A

anaemia // hypogammaglobulinaemia (infections) // warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia // richters transdormation

26
Q

what is richters transformation

A

leukamie (CLL) enters lymph –> changes to high grade, fast NHL

27
Q

symptoms richter’s

A

lymph node // fever (no infection)// weight loss // night sweats // nausea// abdo pain