infectious diseases Flashcards
what causes dengue fever
RNA flavivirus
what spreads dengue
mosquito
symptoms of dengue fever
fever // headache // myalgia, bone pain, arthralgia // chest pain // facial flush // maculopapulo rash // petechia // epistaxis
warning signs of dengue fever progressive to severe dengue
abdo pain // hepatosplenomegaly // vomitting // fluid collection eg ascites, pleural effusion
symptoms Severe dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever)
form of DIC - low platelets, spontanenous bleeding // dengue shock syndrome
FBC dengue
leuokpenia (low WCC) // thrombocytopenia (low platelets) // raised AST
diagnosis dengue
serology + NAAT // NS1 antigen
mx dengue
fluid resuss, blood transfusion
incubation dengue
7 days
what spreads yellow fever
mosquitos
incubation yellow fever
2-14 days
symptoms yellow fever
sudden onset fever // rigors // N+V // bradycardia // REMISSION –> jaundice, haematemesis, oluguria
invx yellow fever
councilman inclusions in hepatocytes
what causes malaria
plasmodium protoazoa (falciparum, vivax, ovale, malaria)
which type of malaria usually causes severe disease
Plasmodium falciparum
protective factors malaria
sickle cell // G6PD deficiency // HLAb52 // no duffy antigens
most common form malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
features severe malaria
hypoglycaemia // 39C+ // severe anaemia // acidosis
blood film Plasmodium falciparum
schizonts
complications Plasmodium falciparum
seizure // renal failure (intravascular haemolysis) // ARDS // hypoglycaemia // DIC
mx uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum
artemisinin-based combination therapy
what defines severe Plasmodium falciparum
parasite count >2%
mx severe Plasmodium falciparum
1 = IV artesunate (2 = IV quinine)
mx if parasite count >10% Plasmodium falciparum
transfusion
