infectious diseases

Question 1

what causes dengue fever

Answer 1

RNA flavivirus

Question 2

what spreads dengue

Answer 2

mosquito

Question 3

symptoms of dengue fever

Answer 3

fever // headache // myalgia, bone pain, arthralgia // chest pain // facial flush // maculopapulo rash // petechia // epistaxis

Question 4

warning signs of dengue fever progressive to severe dengue

Answer 4

abdo pain // hepatosplenomegaly // vomitting // fluid collection eg ascites, pleural effusion

Question 5

symptoms Severe dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever)

Answer 5

form of DIC - low platelets, spontanenous bleeding // dengue shock syndrome

Question 6

FBC dengue

Answer 6

leuokpenia (low WCC) // thrombocytopenia (low platelets) // raised AST

Question 7

diagnosis dengue

Answer 7

serology + NAAT // NS1 antigen

Question 8

mx dengue

Answer 8

fluid resuss, blood transfusion

Question 9

incubation dengue

Answer 9

7 days

Question 10

what spreads yellow fever

Answer 10

mosquitos

Question 11

incubation yellow fever

Answer 11

2-14 days

Question 12

symptoms yellow fever

Answer 12

sudden onset fever // rigors // N+V // bradycardia // REMISSION –> jaundice, haematemesis, oluguria

Question 13

invx yellow fever

Answer 13

councilman inclusions in hepatocytes

Question 14

what causes malaria

Answer 14

plasmodium protoazoa (falciparum, vivax, ovale, malaria)

Question 15

which type of malaria usually causes severe disease

Answer 15

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 16

protective factors malaria

Answer 16

sickle cell // G6PD deficiency // HLAb52 // no duffy antigens

Question 17

most common form malaria

Answer 17

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 18

features severe malaria

Answer 18

hypoglycaemia // 39C+ // severe anaemia // acidosis

Question 19

blood film Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 19

schizonts

Question 20

complications Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 20

seizure // renal failure (intravascular haemolysis) // ARDS // hypoglycaemia // DIC

Question 21

mx uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 21

artemisinin-based combination therapy

Question 22

what defines severe Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 22

parasite count >2%

Question 23

mx severe Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 23

1 = IV artesunate (2 = IV quinine)

Question 24

mx if parasite count >10% Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 24

transfusion

Question 25

most common non-falciparum malaria

Answer 25

vivax

Question 26

symptoms non-falciparum malaria

Answer 26

fever, headache, splenomegaly // vivax + ovale = cyclical fever every 48 hours // maralriae = nephrotic syndrome

Question 27

mx non-falciparum malaria

Answer 27

artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) OR chloroquine

Question 28

who should avoid ACTs

Answer 28

pregnant women